Ducks: Frank fed by hand, drives off interloper drake

April 26, 2018 • 12:00 pm

In my absence, Anna Mueller, the daughter of a colleague and now a professor of human development at my university, has taken over duck-feeding duties with the help of her graduate student Sanja Miklin. She took two photos of activities at the pond, and also reported that the mallard hen, my beloved Honey, still hasn’t shown up.

While we wait on tenterhooks, here are two videos taken by Anna. The first shows Frank being fed corn by hand. He used to be very shy about eating at all, but he’s come around, as you can see clearly. He’s a Good Duck!

In this video, another drake showed up. Frank has a pale breast (suggesting he’s a hybrid between a wild mallard and a domestic version—the white “Peking Duck”), while the interloper Pirate Duck has the usual brown breast. Note how Frank keeps the Pirate Duck from the corn.

I like to think that Frank is protecting the pond, awaiting the arrival of Honey and her ducklings. Perhaps his sweet temperament is due to genes from a domestic-duck parent. Note too that Frank doesn’t peck or directly attack his rival, but simply uses his body to block his access to the food. Frank is a gentle soul!

h/t: Joan Strassmann

New Mexico: Española to Las Cruces

April 26, 2018 • 10:30 am

This will be my penultimate travel post, as I arrived back in Las Cruces and will be here until Saturday,when I return to Chicago for a week. (Next: a gastronomic visit to Paris.) I did the long drive from Española to Las Cruces in one day, stopping for a few hours at the fantastic Three Rivers Petroglyph Site in the middle of nowhere.

This is what the middle of nowhere looks like, with the Ceiling Cat RentalMobile pulled over to show the ambiance. I love driving through big expanses of desert; it relaxes my mind, which is normally in a state of constant worry about what’s going to happen next. On a drive like this, what’s going to happen next is simply more driving. At such times I feel a kinship with Neal Cassady, who was born to drive.

One thing you can do is see how many “spot the animals” signs you can find. So far I’ve seen deer, elk, bighorn sheep, cows, and humans.

I had lunch at the nearly nonexistent town of Carrizozo (population about 940). Before I took off that morning, I did some Googling and found that the town harbored one good restaurant: the Carrizozo Cafe. It’s a small cute place full of locals.

I asked the man who ran it what he’d recommend, and he said the smothered chicken burrito with rice and beans.  I added green chile sauce. He asked if I also wanted pico de gallo and sour cream, and you know what my answer was.

Here it is: it’s simply the best burrito I’ve ever had, stuffed to the gills with hand-cut hunks of chicken breast. Oy, was I full! The standard of New-Mex food (i.e., Tex-Mex-style food with chiles) is very high, so that you can find a superb meal like this in the most unlikely places.

And on to Three Rivers, which I got in gratis with my “senior” America the Beautiful Pass, which gives me free admission for life to all federal recreation areas and National Parks and Forests. It cost me all of $25, a fantastic bargain. A year ago I heard they were going to raise the price, so I quickly ordered one. And, indeed, it’s gone up to $80—still a stunning value.

Here’s the Three Rivers entrance, a few miles to the east of Highway 54.

This ridge above the ranger station and campground is where most of the the petroglyphs are—there are about 21,000 in the area, making it one of the most important ancient Indian petroglyph sites in the world.

It was hot, but I was so fascinated by the drawings/carvings that I spent several hours in the sun without sunscreen, photographing the rocks. I got sunburned, but it was worth it. Here’s what Wikipedia says about this ancient art:

The petroglyphs are thought to be the product of the Jornada Mogollon people between about 1000 and 1400 AD. The site is protected and maintained by the Bureau of Land Management.

The petroglyphs at Three Rivers were recorded during a six-year project by the Archaeological Society of New Mexico‘s Rock Art Recording Field Schools.

They can carbon-date pottery shards, but they can’t date rock carvings, so these fall within a span of about 400 years.

Petroglyphs are created by either scratching away at the surface of the rock with another rock, or using two rocks to hammer away the oxidized patina that makes the rock dark (the rock underneath isn’t yet oxidized, and so is light); they are not painted onto the surface. They won’t last forever, as the etchings will be abraded and eroded away, but these have, in the dry climate, lasted for centuries.

See if you can make out what they depict. Some images are obvious; others, like the dotted cross-circle above, are problematic, and the ranger told me that scholars still argue over their meaning.

This is clearly some kind of quadruped, but what? A pronghorn? An imaginary animal?

You can see a nice gallery of the petroglyphs here; they’ve all been recorded for posterity by the feds.

A face:

Another enigmatic circle of dots:

Your guess is as good as mine:

Likewise:

Perhaps the most famous image in the park: a bighorn sheep pierced by three arrows.

???

Another bighorn sheep:

This looks like an owl to me:

These are animals and footprints; I’m told the footprint at the extreme left is of a bear, and there’s supposedly a puma footprint, too, as well as an animal pierced by an arrow. The site was, I’m told, much wetter when these petroglyphs were made than it is now.

???

A face:

Another face:

A human hand, which the ranger told me was genuine. Note that it has six fingers.

To me this looks like a lizard:

A geometric design:

Another lizard?

Here’s a bunch of petroglyphs in situ; this is how they appear when you’re walking down the mile-long trail:

What is this animal?

My guess is birds:

And, of course, latecomers couldn’t resist making their own petroglyphs, like this 114-year old piece of graffiti. You can generally tell the few “new” ones from the old ones by the degree of wear on the drawing.

A view from the end of the trail:

The remains of an early house at the site. I’m not sure what it looked like, but this is the foundation:

Another few hours and I was back in Las Cruces. Knocking at the door, I got no reply (Bill was in the back yard), but finally Boris came to let me in:

Boris likes to hang out next to my daypack. Can you spot the cat?

One more post to follow, including local noms.

Readers’ wildlife photos

April 26, 2018 • 8:15 am

I’m back in Las Cruces, with several days left to have fun and eat (that’s redundant, isn’t it?).

We have two contributions today. The first is a photo from Mike Ross, who hails from Broken Arrow, Oklahoma:

I thought you might be interested in the attached photo of a new American bison calf (Bison bison) born on the Tall Grass Prairie Preserve, Osage County, Oklahoma (a Nature Conservancy managed property).

The was taken April 19, 2018 and shows two of an expected 600 calves to be birthed this season, increasing the size of the herd to approximately 2,600 by mid summer.  My wife and I are both volunteers at the Preserve.

Unlike me, reader Joe Dickinson actually saw bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) at the west end of the Rio Grande Bridge. He also has a good photo of the bridge and of the gorge:

Responding to today’s [now yesterday’s] post, here are my views of the Rio Grande bridge and the group of bighorns we found just down the road.

 

Thursday: Hili dialogue

April 26, 2018 • 6:30 am

by Grania

Good morning!

JAC addition: Today’s the 100th birthday of the famous Dutch athlete Fanny Blankers-Koen (died 2004), celebrated with a Google Doodle (below). Blankers-Koen won four gold medals in the 1948 summer Olympics (100 m dash, 80 m hurdles, 200 m dash, and 4 X 100 m relay). As Wikipedia notes, she also “won five European titles and 58 Dutch championships, and set or tied 12 world records – the last, pentathlon, in 1951 aged 33.”

It’s a sign of the times that she was called “The Flying Housewife” because she had a daughter (Fanny, Jr.) when she won her Olympic medals. That wouldn’t fly today! (That reminds me of the Daily Mail headline when Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1964: “Oxford Housewife Wins Nobel.”)

Here’s a short video of Blankers-Koen’s achievements in the 1948 Olympics:

Back to Grania:

It’s the birthday of UK artist Ms. Dynamite (Niomi Arleen McLean-Daley), those of you in the US probably haven’t heard of her before. So, without further ado, here is some British rap.

Keeping on a musical note, today in 1991 Carmine Coppola died. Composer and flautist, he wrote some of the music for The Godfather trilogy directed by his son Francis Ford Coppola.

Today in Twitter: Peak Australia.

(yes, its definitely a photoshop of what appears to be two real photographs).

https://twitter.com/MaverickBistro/status/989113768364818433

Yesterday was World Penguin Day, and there is a great collection of videos and photos under the hashtag on Twitter:

And finally, Tiny Tim penguin

Onto a different bird.

Pencil thief extraordinaire, this cat has a mission in life.

https://twitter.com/chiba3111218/status/986542811376893955

Coffee cat.

https://twitter.com/41Strange/status/988883905942990848

Finally, Hili either has delusions of grandeur or is taking a swipe at theory that multiple realities can be true and legitimate.

Hili: We, big cats…
A: I think you’re exaggerating.
Hili: Size is a social construct.

In Polish

Hili: My, wielkie koty…
Ja: Chyba przesadziłaś.
Hili: Wielkość jest konstruktem społecznym.

Hat-tip: Anne

Duck report: Honey is AWOL

April 25, 2018 • 2:30 pm

My ducksitters are Anna Mueller, a newish assistant professor in the Department of Human Development at the University of Chicago, and her graduate student Sanja Miklin. I’m grateful to these two animal lovers for making the daily feeding trip to Botany Pond.

I’ve been receiving occasional reports from Anna about Honey and Frank. Apparently they’ve learned the duck-summoning whistle, and both ducks have learned to eat out of their hands. The bonding experience is clearly in full swing.

Sadly, however, Honey hasn’t been seen in two days, and I’m quite worried. Here’s Anna’s report:

When I went to the pond yesterday [two days ago] to feed, only Frank was there. There was a really noisy lawn crew working around the pond (with mini bulldozers even) so I thought maybe she was just hiding. I hoped she’d be back today but she wasn’t. Frank was there again and I started to feed him, continuing to whistle for Honey. Then a second male joined us. Frank (light-chested male) eventually chased him off. The video is of some of their antics.  [JAC: The video didn’t come through as it was too large. I hope to post it after I return to Chicago.]

I suggest that Sanja and I keep feeding Frank   (So far he only eats the corn from me if Honey isn’t there). I didn’t want to put out worms as well with the enemy male around so I just left Frank with what I had put down before the male arrived.

I looked for Honey on the nest and around the brush but didn’t see her.

Kinda bummed. Hope she comes back.

I wrote back expressing (uncharacteristic) optimism that perhaps Honey was sitting on the nest or nesting someplace more quiet.  Anna responded:

We are hoping she’s nesting somewhere too…we have looked around but haven’t seen her on a nest (including the nest on the window ledge…)  We are continuing to feed Frank. We really enjoy him. It’s been quite the highlight of our days…

Note how regular feeding of ducks is a life-enhancing experience! Anyway, stay tuned. Here ere are two picture of Anna feeding Frank, one by hand:

I won’t ask for thoughts and prayers, but I do want my mallard hen back! I think it’s a good sign that Frank is patrolling the pond and driving off interlopers. I like to think he’s keeping the place safe for his wife and brood.

National Geographic touts a 3-D film on the “tomb of Christ” (now with bonus comment by Alvin Plantinga)

April 25, 2018 • 12:30 pm

UPDATE: Note that an “Alvin Plantinga” has commented favorably on the National Geographic fiction (comment #14 below). I can’t be sure that it’s the Alvin Plantinga, known for convoluted Sophisticated Theology™, but I’m guessing it is. If you respond to him, be polite!

______________

What the bloody hell is happening with National Geographic? Article after article is about religion—often Christianity—and all of these latter assume that Jesus was a real person (the implication is a divine person). Is this the way the Murdochs, who now have a controlling stake in the magazine, expect to turn a profit?

Reader Scott called my attention to a new exhibition at the National Geographic Museum in Washington, D.C. Here, Ceiling Cat help me, is the announcement (click on screenshot to go to page):

At the bottom of the photo you can read this: “PLAN YOUR VISIT: Exhibition features a short 3-D film with active 3-D glasses. Exhibition not recommended for guests susceptible to motion sickness or dizziness.”

Not recommended for those susceptible to fairy tales, either!

The whole page and its accompanying pdf pamphlet cast no doubt on the claim that this is indeed the tomb of Christ, nor, indeed, on the existence of Christ himself. The only nod to skepticism is this brief statement in the pdf file:

EVERYONE, WHETHER DEVOUT OR NOT, can feel a spiritual power when visiting holy sites such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, home to what many Christians believe is the site of Jesus’ burial and resurrection.

Can feel”? Or “will  feel”? (There’s a difference.) At any rate, the whole allure of this exhibit is the claim that it really is Jesus’s burial spot, something that couldn’t be verified unless there were some contemporary information inside the tomb.

But as we all know, and which Biblical scholars are loath to admit, there is no evidence for the existence of a Jesus person outside of Scripture—and if he existed, there should be. I’d love for National Geographic to publish a scrupulously honest article: “Jesus: Did he really exist?” Imagine how subscriptions would drop!

For example, in the first video below, produced by the magazine, it exhorts you at 40 seconds in to “Team up with conservation experts and historians as they race to restore the tomb of Christ.” Really? Is there no doubt about this? And get a load of the “science and faith” bit at the end, as if they are complementary ways to establish the provenance of this tomb.

In the second video, also by National Geographic, they open the sealed tomb! At 1:34, the caption appears: “This is the first time that anyone alive today has seen the holy bed.” That, of course, presumes it’s the holy bed. Do they expect to find an engraving that says “Jesus slept here”?

Of course there are no remains or other indications of what was in this spot, but that of course is just what the Bible predicts! In this case, the absence of evidence IS evidence.

At best the archaeologists might be able to date the cavity to around the time Jesus is supposed to have lived, but that will convince only the credulous. There’s a reason they’re called “sheep.”

When did National Geographic completely abandon its scientific bent to pander to the faithful? If you still subscribe, why?

Teaching Evolution: Alfred Sherwood Romer: Life’s story

April 25, 2018 • 11:30 am

by Greg Mayer

Our fifth installment of Teaching Evolution is a paper by A.S. Romer describing a new species of mammal-like reptile that has a dual jaw joint– the old reptilian one, plus a nascent mammalian one. (In reptiles, the jaw joint is between the quadrate bone of the skull and the articular bone of the lower jaw; in mammals it’s the squamosal and dentary, respectively. We’ve discussed this previously at WEIT.) The transition from reptiles to mammals is one of the most completely exemplified major evolutionary changes in the fossil record. That the ancestors of mammals were to be sought among a particular group of fossil reptiles (synapsids) has been known since the late 19th century, from the work of British anatomist Richard Owen and American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope. Since then, the story of how this transition occurred, with the bones of the reptilian jaw joint   becoming ear ossicles in mammals, while a new jaw joint evolved, has been worked out in exquisite detail. This paper by Fuzz Crompton and Farish Jenkins gives an overview of the story, and this paper by Luo Zhe Xi has the latest developments.

In the readings I give to the students in my evolution class, I like to include some papers reporting particular findings (such as this one), as well as review papers or book extracts (such as the earlier installments). Most of the scientific literature is, of course, reports of particular findings.

Alfred Sherwood Romer (1894–1973) was for many years the dean of American vertebrate paleontology. A student of William King Gregory at Columbia University, he spent much of his early career at the University of Chicago, before moving to Harvard’s Museum of Comparative Zoology. At the MCZ, he eventually became director, in which position he recruited to the Museum such luminaries as G. G. Simpson and Ernst Mayr. Unlike these colleagues, however, Romer devoted most of his work to the study of evolutionary history, rather than evolutionary mechanisms, publishing on vertebrates of all kinds and times, but specializing on amphibians and reptiles of the Paleozoic and Triassic. He wrote several highly influential textbooks and monographs, including Man and the Vertebrates (1st ed., 1933), Vertebrate Paleontology (1st ed., 1933), The Vertebrate Body (1st ed., 1949), and Osteology of the Reptiles (1956). Edwin Colbert (1982) gives a brief summary of his life and work.

Reading:
Romer, A.S. 1969. Cynodont reptile with incipient mammalian jaw articulation. Science 166:881-882. (This will get you the paper only if you or an institution you are affiliated with has a subscription; if not, judicious inquiry might yield you a copy.)

Study Questions:
1. Why is Diarthrognathus, despite its possession of a double jaw joint, not considered an evolutionary reptile-mammal transition form? What, according to Romer, is the phylogenetic position of Probainognathus, and why does he think so?

2. Given what you know about paleogeography, what do you think about the fact that cynodonts (advanced mammal-like reptiles) of the early Triassic are found in South Africa, while the even more advanced cynodonts described from the Middle Triassic by Romer are from South America?

3. What skeletal feature has reached an essentially mammalian stage in Probainognathus and its relatives (the chiniquodonts)?
[The other installments of Teaching Evolution can be found by clicking ‘MOOC’, under “filed under” or “tags”, just below.]