You surely know that there’s a big kerfuffle about whether being gay is a “choice” or—the implied alternative—a biological imperative: something that results from an individual’s development: hormones, neurons, or whatever. I happen to fall into the latter camp, along with the American Psychological Association.
The former camp, those saying that homosexuality is a “choice,” largely comprises religious individuals. This is, I think, for two reasons. First, many religious folk are already conditioned to believe in fully libertarian “you-could-have-chosen-otherwise” free will, for that’s a tenet of many faiths. Lots of Christians, for instance, require libertarian free will to support their foundational claim: that you can freely choose whether or not to accept Jesus Christ as your personal Lord and Savior. After all, that choice is supposed to determine whether you’ll either fly or fry in the afterlife.
Too, many theologians try to explain the existence of human-caused evils on the planet as an inevitable byproduct of God having given us “free will”. That divine bequest goes along, they claim, with the possibility that humans could make the wrong choices, leading to stuff like Auschwitz. (Yes, that example has been used, and was dismantled by someone who excoriated the idea that the Holocaust occurred so that Nazis could have free will.)
It struck me yesterday, as I was reading one of WordPress’s most popular posts of the day (“Yes, homosexuality absolutely is a choice,” by minister John Pavlovitz [it doesn’t say what the title implies, for the guy is sympathetic to gays]), that the Christian insistence that being gay is a choice is also wrong. In fact, it cannot be right!
The idea that people “freely choose” to be homosexual is of course a way to damn them for making the wrong “choice,” a choice that supposedly is deemed sinful by the Bible, as it indeed is. And so, in Catholicism, if you commit homosexual acts, and don’t confess them, that is a “grave sin” that can send you to hell. That view makes sense only if, at any moment, you could freely choose between performing or abstaining from homosexual acts.
The most famous recent example of religious stupidity about homosexuality was former neurosurgeon Ben Carson’s remark to CNN (yes, he’s a Christian, and apparently a Republican Presidential candidate) that being gay must be a choice because of reasons:
“Because a lot of people who go into prison go into prison straight — and when they come out, they’re gay. So, did something happen while they were in there? Ask yourself that question.”
Now that’s just ridiculous on the face of it. (Carson later apologized for the remark.) Going into jail straight (if you were straight) and coming out gay doesn’t mean that you’ve made a “choice”. All it means is that your sexual orientation and/or behavior has changed because your surroundings have. To a determinist, that’s simply the effect of your environment (prison) on your neurons.
Which brings us to the point. If you’re a determinist, then being gay can never be something that a person chooses freely. Your genes and your environment—be it your peers, your “internal” environment (whether or not it comes from genetic endowment), and your social surroundings—must ultimately be the “cause” of homosexuality. It can’t be a free choice because we simply do not have free choices about anything.
And it doesn’t matter whether the factors determining gayness are hormones and genes, or your experiences and environment (both, of course, can act together). There is no distinction between “biological” and “nonbiological” causes of homosexuality, for the trait ultimately results from how your brain works, and that’s completely biological. Being gay cannot be a choice any more than being short (like me) or being Asian.
Maybe I’m off the mark, here, but I don’t think so. If nothing can be a libertarian choice, then neither can being gay. Period.
Now compatibilists (those who believe in both determinism and some form of free will) may be able to find a way that being gay somehow reflects “free will”. Perhaps they’ll say that there’s a meaningful difference between, say, a developmental feature that produced homosexuality (the equivalent to them of “coercion” or “acting with a gun to your head”), and being gay because you had a homosexual experience and it seemed natural and enjoyable. But I don’t think that difference (if it is a difference) is a meaningful one. In neither case is being gay a choice in the sense religious people mean—a free choice where you could have decided not to be gay.
And that’s yet another advantage of emphasizing determinism over the diverse and conflicting definitions of “free will” promulgated by compatibilists.