Latest on the student miscreants at Middlebury and Evergreen State

June 1, 2017 • 11:02 am

Just two updates. You’ll remember that students at Middlebury College in Vermont physically attacked both Charles Murray and his host, Allison Stanger, on March 2 (see here and here). Never mind that most of them hadn’t read The Bell Curve, or that Murray wasn’t even talking about that book; it was enough that he got demonized because they heard Murray was a racist. Fine; let them protest from their ignorance, but don’t allow them to physically assault Murray. Stanger’s hair was pulled, and apparently that injured her neck.

Over at the Washington Post, columnist Richard Cohen, whose politics I don’t know, has a piece decrying the thugs at Middlebury, “Protestors at Middlebury College demonstrate ‘cultural appropriation’—of fascism“, which is a good title. It begins and ends with Stranger’s injury:

From time to time, I email Allison Stanger. She answers always, but says she is not yet healthy enough to talk. On March 2, Stanger was escorting the social scientist Charles Murray, whose speech at Middlebury College, where she teaches, had just been shouted down, when the mob charged their car. “Someone pulled my hair,” she recounted, “while others were shoving me. I feared for my life.” The car was rocked. Stanger is still recovering from a concussion.

. . . I have known Stanger a bit over the years. To me, she personifies the scholarly life — fluent in Russian, fluent in Czech, fluent in critical ideas. She has her politics, avowedly Democratic, but she agreed to moderate the discussion with Murray solely because she believes in the robust exchange of views. Now she suffers because some protesters thought they were entitled to silence Murray and injure Stanger. Middlebury got a black eye, Stanger got a concussion — and we all got a warning.

Cohen gives a link to the Post‘s report on the disciplinary action taken by Middlebury (see the college’s statement here), which at least was something, but probably not sufficiently harsh to deter future violence:

More than five dozen Middlebury College students were disciplined for their roles in shutting down a speech by the author Charles Murray in March, the college announced this week. But the students were spared the most serious penalties in the episode, which left a faculty member injured and came to symbolize a lack of tolerance for conservative ideas on some campuses.

The college, in Middlebury, Vt., issued a statement on Tuesday describing sanctions against 67 students “ranging from probation to official college discipline, which places a permanent record in the student’s file.” The statement did not disclose how many students received the harsher punishment, but said, “Some graduate schools and employers require individuals to disclose official discipline in their applications.”

Ten to one the vast majority of students got probation, which isn’t on their records. In such cases there is no deterrent once the probationary period is over, and for those not so punished, there is no deterrent towards disruptive behavior. If I had a kid, I wouldn’t send it to Middlebury, or to Evergreen State for that matter. And I wouldn’t lecture at either school if invited.

Discussing the college disruptions of speeches by Milo Yiannopoulos and Heather MacDonald, Cohen uses the students’ own petard against them:

Far more dangerous than what any of these speakers has to say is the reaction to it. The protesters — some of them non-students — are involved in what’s called, to invoke a trendy term, “cultural appropriation.” In this case, it is the culture of fascism. Benito Mussolini’s rise to power in Italy was facilitated by the steady use of violent protesters to break up meetings and silence opponents. The tactic proved successful, and in 1922 Mussolini became dictator of Italy. Hitler, on the other side of the Alps, took careful notes.

I won’t flatter the student protesters by asserting they are aware of their ideological antecedents. But I will say that those who chose not to hear Mac Donald or Murray missed something. Mac Donald, who writes often for the Wall Street Journal, knows her stuff. You may not agree with her, but she is reasonable and learned. As for Murray, his caricature as a white racist is a simplistic libel. I am not prepared to defend “The Bell Curve” — it has been years since I’ve read it — but that’s beside the point. It’s for Murray to defend. And, if given the opportunity, I’m sure he can do it.

*********

Reader “ohnugget001” called my attention to a piece by beleaguered biology professor Bret Weinstein at the Evergreen State College, whose safety was threatened for refusing to leave campus as a white man on the “Day of Absence.” Yesterday Weinstein wrote an article in the Wall Street Journal called “The campus mob came for me—and you, professor, could be next.” (The reader misidentified it as coming from the Post.) I have a copy of that article, which is behind a paywall, and perhaps judicious inquiry will also yield you a copy. (Deadline 4 pm CST today).

The first half of the piece recounts what happened at Evergreen; the second gives the background. Weinstein notes that Evergreen is “arguably the most radical college in the country,” and part of that stems from its curriculum, which is designed to allow extensive interpersonal interactions between professors and students. (I also had that at The College of William and Mary.) He blames the current problems at his school on the tension between science and postmodernism, and on the new President, George Bridges, whom Weinstein thinks should resign (he said this on Dave Rubin’s show). I’ll quote the last bit of the piece verbatim; it’s the meat of Weinstein’s thesis, so you don’t really need to read the whole article.

The bolding is mine as I think equity of outcome needs to be discussed more openly. Let me add that I’ve discovered that Weinstein has a long history of anti-racist activism and fighting against prejudice, so demonizing him as a racist, which is what the students did, is deeply unfair.

Weinstein:

. . . . the protests resulted from a tension that has existed throughout the entire American academy for decades: The button-down empirical and deductive fields, including all the hard sciences, have lived side by side with “critical theory,” postmodernism and its perception-based relatives. Since the creation in 1960s and ’70s of novel, justice-oriented fields, these incompatible worldviews have repelled one another. The faculty from these opposing perspectives, like blue and red voters, rarely mix in any context where reality might have to be discussed. For decades, the uneasy separation held, with the factions enduring an unhappy marriage for the good of the (college) kids.

Things began to change at Evergreen in 2015, when the school hired a new president, George Bridges. His vision as an administrator involved reducing professorial autonomy, increasing the size of his administration, and breaking apart Evergreen’s full-time programs. But the faculty, which plays a central role in the college’s governance, would never have agreed to these changes. So Mr. Bridges tampered with the delicate balance between the sciences and humanities by, in effect, arming the postmoderns.

The particular mechanism was arcane, but it involved an Equity Council established in 2016. The council advanced a plan that few seem to have read, even now — but that faculty were nonetheless told we must accept without discussion. It would shift the college “from a diversity agenda” to an “equity agenda” by, among other things, requiring an “equity justification” for every faculty hire.

The plan and the way it is being forced on the college are both deeply authoritarian, and the attempt to mandate equality of outcome is unwise in the extreme. Equality of outcome is a discredited concept, failing on both logical and historical grounds, as anyone knows who has studied the misery of the 20th century. It wouldn’t have withstood 20 minutes of reasoned discussion.

This presented traditional independent academic minds with a choice: Accept the plan and let the intellectual descendants of Critical Race Theory dictate the bounds of permissible thought to the sciences and the rest of the college, or insist on discussing the plan’s shortcomings and be branded as racists. Most of my colleagues chose the former, and the protesters are in the process of articulating the terms. I dissented and ended up teaching in the park.

Yes, Weinstein isn’t supposed to be on campus, as the police say they can’t guarantee his safety. All that for writing a reasoned email refusing to absent himself from campus based on his skin color! I am curious to hear Weinstein’s views on equality of outcome, but I suppose neither his colleagues nor the students will get to hear them since they’ve effectively muzzled him. What a world!

h/t: BJ

Artificial selection in action: more elephants are being born without tusks

June 1, 2017 • 9:30 am

What do you expect if hunters or poachers selectively kill elephants with big tusks—either for trophies or their ivory? This is actually a form of artificial selection, and it will have the expected results: elephants with smaller tusks will be more likely to survive and reproduce, and if there’s genetic variation for tusk size or presence, which there almost certainly is (there’s genetic variation for nearly every trait, accounting for phenomena like the ability of humans to change the gray wolf into Chihuahuas, greyhounds, sheepdogs, and so on), the “tuskiness” of elephants will change over time. Tusks will get smaller, or even disappear.

You can also predict that if tusks are more important for one sex than the other, that the natural “counterselection” against tusk reduction will be stronger in that sex, so that the reduction in size or presence over time will be slower and, ultimately, might stabilize at a larger size than in the sex having tusks less important for survival.

This is precisely what an article by Robby Berman at The Big Think reports. Berman notes that in non-poached populations of African elephants (Loxondota spp.), 2-6% of female elephants are born without tusks. I’m actually surprised that the percentage is that high given that tusks are used by both sexes to deter predators, dig water holes, clear obstacles, and strip bark from trees. But in poached populations that percentage can nearly reach 100.

But tusks are more important in males since they’re intimately connected with reproduction: males joust for mates using them, and a tuskless male is a childless male. Thus one would expect that, given equal intensity of poaching, males would still wind up with larger tusks than females—unless poachers kill every animal with tusks, which, by eliminating males, would drive the species extinct.

According to Berman, selection is indeed working this way, and because it’s strong—a large percentage of elephants are killed for their ivory—we’d expect the change to be rapid. As he writes:

In areas where there is poaching, however, the story’s very different, and the quest for elephant ivory is changing the types of offspring now being produced. In Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique, half of the older females have tusks. The situation has improved since poaching was brought under control there 20 years ago, but a third of the younger elephants are tuskless nonetheless, a meaningful increase over the historical norm.

In Zambia’s South Luangwa National Park and the Lupande Game Management Area, tuskelessness increased [JAC: read the reference] from 10·5% in 1969 to 38·2% in 1989 The numbers have improved slightly since then there as well, but only due to more tusked females migrating from nearby areas.

How strong is the selection? The Independent reports some populations have almost no females with tusks:

An increasing number of African elephants are now born tuskless because poachers have consistently targetted animals with the best ivory over decades, fundamentally altering the gene pool.

In some areas 98 per cent of female elephants now have no tusks, researchers have said, compared to between two and six per cent born tuskless on average in the past.

Almost a third of Africa’s elephants have been illegally slaughtered by poachers in the past ten years to meet demand for ivory in Asia, where there is still a booming trade in the material, particularly in China. [JAC: this trade will shut down at the end of this year by government decree.]

. . . The most striking example is in the Addo Elephant National Park in South Africa, where 98 per cent of female elephants have no ivory. Big game hunters there had killed all but 11 elephants by the time the park was created in 1931. Four of the eight surviving females were tuskless.

In 2008, scientists found that even among elephants that remained tusked, the tusks were smaller than in elephants’ a century before – roughly half their previous size.

What will happen? Given the strength of selection on tusks (ivory goes for $730 per kg on China’s black market, a 2/3 reduction since the ivory trade started to be banned), both the number of elephants and the size of their tusks will decrease. They will remain larger in males since there’s an additional penalty—a strong one—for being tuskless in that sex. One might then expect females to select for mating with those males having smaller tusks, counteracting this trend, but since females may not have a preference with whom they mate (males win in competitions), that kind of selection might not occur.

This is all speculation, but what’s not speculative is that the selective poaching of elephants with tusks is having the expected (but unwanted) evolutionary effect.

Here’s a tuskless male, thus a luckless male:

A female with small tusks:

My first thought was to anesthetize elephants and remove their tusks to foil the poachers, but that can’t be done for several reasons, most important that the tusks are alive and contain nerves and blood vessels (they are in fact incisor teeth of the upper jaw), not to mention the difficulty of doing that to a lot of elephants.

Read more about this in the article “Going tuskless” at the African Wildlife Foundation.

h/t: Steve

Readers’ wildlife photos

June 1, 2017 • 7:45 am

Our most regular regular, Stephen Barnard from Idaho, sent photos over a few weeks, which I’ve compiled here. His notes are indented.  First, a video [be sure to put on full screen]:

This is a digiscoped video of a Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago delicata) calling from his favorite perch across the creek, near where I’m 99% sure there’s a nest. He’s persistent. I hear him all day long.

I photographed this Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) on the way to Stanley, Idaho.

A pair of Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) with a half-grown colt (second photo) has been hanging out in one of the fields. I hoped to get a family photo but they didn’t cooperate. The colt makes the same call as the adults, but in a higher register.

I was pleased to see a pair of native Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura). They’re greatly outnumbered here by the exotic Eurasian Collared Doves (Streptopelia decaocto), which seem to be taking over all over the country.

Some of your readers were interested in a Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) photo. Here’s a recent one of a male showing off his epaulettes.

Note to readers

June 1, 2017 • 7:16 am

Tomorrow I’m going to the Imagine No Religion meeting in Toronto (iteration 7), and will be back Monday morning.  The lineup is good, featuring not only people I know, like Richard Dawkins, Matt Dillahunty, Seth Andrews, Chris DiCarlo, and Lawrence Krauss, but those I’d like to meet, including Kelly Carlin and Rob Penczak. INR is always a good time, and my own talk, on “Ways of Knowing: Science versus Everything Else”, is on Sunday at 2 p.m.  I will handily demolish the myth that the humanities, religion, personal feelings, etc. are ways of finding out facts about our universe.

Posting will be light till Tuesday, so bear with me.

Also: due to the high volume of email I’m getting, I’m going to ask readers to restrict emails to me to one every three or so days. If you have several things to call to my attention, could you put them in a single email? It’s hard to handle the volume I get. But keep sending stuff!

Thanks.

—Mgmt.

Thursday: Hili Dialogue

June 1, 2017 • 6:30 am

It’s Thursday, and the first day of June, 2017; it’s going to be a lovely, sunny day in Chicago. June is National Candy Month, National Dairy Month, National Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Month, National Iced Tea Month and National Papaya Month, while June 1 is National Hazelnut Cake Day, something I didn’t even know exists. Most likely it’s a promotion funded by Big Hazelnut. It’s also World Milk Day, a holiday established by the United Nations, and World Neighbour’s Day, about which there’s little information.

On June 1, 1495, the monk John Cor of Fife was named as having produced the first recorded batch of Scotch whisky. Here’s the reference: ““To Brother John Cor, by order of the King, to make aqua vitae VIII bolls of malt.” — Exchequer Rolls 1494–95, Vol x, p. 487.”  On June 1, 1533, Anne Boleyn became the Queen of England; she was beheaded three years later. And on June 1, 1916, Louis Brandeis became the first Jewish justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. On June 1, 1962, Adolf Eichmann was hanged in Israel, and exactly 12 years later The Journal of Emergency Medicine published a paper on how to save choking victims using the Heimlich maneuver.

Notables born on June 1 include Brigham Young (1801), Andy Griffith and Marilyn Monroe (both 1926), Pat Boone (1934), Morgan Freeman (1937; he’s 80 today), Ronnie Wood (1947; 70 today), and Heidi Klum (1973). Those who died on June 1 include Hugh Walpole (1941), Helen Keller (1968), Reinhod Niebuhr (1971), David Ruffin (1991, lead singer of the Temptations, died at 50 of a cocaine overdose), Yves Saint Laurent (2008), and Ann B. Davis, whom you might remember as Alice on The Brady Bunch or, if you’re as old as I, as Schultzy on The Bob Cummings Show.

David Ruffin, who was the Temptation’s lead singer from 1964-1968, had many great songs; his most famous recording was, of course, “My Girl.” But I like this one, written by Smokey Robinson, the best: “Since I Lost My Baby“. This stanza is pure poetry:

The birds are singing and the children are playing
There’s plenty of work and the bosses are paying
Not a sad word should a young heart be saying
But fun is a bore and with money I’m poor.

Here’s Ruffin and the Temptations in the recorded version. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve listen (and danced) to this:

Out in Dobrzyn, two hours west of Warsaw, a small (?) cat is contemplating the garden. I would have thought she’d like being seen!

Hili: The positive side of a mowed meadow is that I can see better.
A: And a negative side?
Hili: That I’m better seen.
In Polish:
Hili: Zaletą skoszonej łąki jest to, że ja lepiej widzę.
Ja: A wadą?
Hili: Że mnie lepiej widać.

Lagniappe from Grania: a kitten stealing a potato:

Matthew sent this with the note below; as there’s no caption, it’s not clear what’s happening here:

It isn’t clear how he’s done it – whether the polygons are relevant or not, whether the dots are moving at the same speed, etc. There’s a thread in the tweets below it arguing about how he made it.

Readers: Figure it out! (One clue is here.)

And a lovely cat blanket. Would you put this on your bed?

Foxes hunting under snow

May 31, 2017 • 2:30 pm

I’ve posted before on the amazing ability of foxes to find prey beneath a thick cover of snow, and on recent evidence (see here as well) that they use the Earth’s magnetic field as a beam, achieving the greatest success by far when jumping (in Czechoslovakia) toward the north-northeast or (180° around) south-southwest. (Question: are the directions the same for foxes in the southern hemisphere?)

This is truly an amazing finding if true, and shows that animals have senses that we can’t even imagine. As the geneticist J. B. S. Haldane said, “I have no doubt that in reality the future will be vastly more surprising than anything I can imagine. Now my own suspicion is that the Universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.”

Now you’ve had your science lesson, look at these foxes! These two videos, involving red and Arctic foxes, are breathtakingly beautiful.