A video response by the godless to the movie “God’s Not Dead”

September 25, 2014 • 2:40 pm

In July I posted about Bo Gardiner’s video, “What in God’s name are they doing to the children?”, showing what is clearly child abuse in getting uncomprehending children to be “slain in the spirit” (video embedded in the post). According to Bo, it got picked up by the Dawkins site and then tw**ted by Ricky Gervais, so it’s gotten about 120,000 views.  She now has a new video, at bottom, which makes fun of the new and execrable atheist-bashing movie, “God’s Not Dead“. Checking it out at my favorite movie-rating site, Rotten Tomatoes, I find the biggest disparity ever between critics’ opinions (left) and public opinion (right). That’s the difference between the thoughtful critic and the religious masses:

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How low the mighty Hercules (Kevin Sorbo, who goes around touting the movie in which he stars) has fallen! Anyway, I got an email from Bo about another clip she made, part of which is below:

I have just posted a new video you may be interested in, God’s Not Dead… condensed!.  Many of us could not stomach going to see the Christian theatrical release this year, God’s Not Dead and were sickened by the anti-atheist comments coming from its star Kevin Sorbo, who’s been on the talkshow circuit, and supportive TV hosts.  Religious bigotry to this degree should not be considered acceptable today in the mainstream media.  To raise awareness of this, I’ve condensed the ugly atheism caricatures in the film down to seven minutes, which is enough to essentially distill the whole horrible film.  I added some humorous subtitles as well, so IMHO it’s funny… shocking, but funny.

Check out the number he did on the movie, which is great. But Lord, that movie looks absolutely dreadful! Has anybody seen it?

Andrew Brown: the low-hanging fruit of atheism

September 25, 2014 • 1:13 pm

If we accept Steve Neumann’s “Atheist Positivity Challenge,” and refrain from going after the “low-hanging Christians” (i.e., megachurch pastors, Ken Ham, etc.) for a month, can we still criticize atheists? Even the low-hanging ones, like Andrew Brown?

I will make this short: Brown has embarrassed himself again at the Guardian (that’s equivalent to saying, “Andrew Brown has posted again at the Guardian“)—this time with a piece called “Why creationism matters—and irks so many people.”  In it, he tries to figure out why people are so down on creationism but not on other equal bits of nonsense, like homeopathy or climate-change denialism, that are far more harmful. Indeed, I myself have pointed out that creationism is one of the lesser irrationalities of both religion and faith-based pseudoscience like homeopathy. But Brown mucks up what could have been a good piece for another journalist, for he has to get in some osculations of religion and criticism of anti-creationists —even though he’s one himself.

Here’s the format of a typical Brown piece.

I. Simple declarative sentences outlining his topic.
II. A bunch of waffling and incoherent prose that have nothing to do with his topic.
III. A conclusion that doesn’t have to do with his topic but sucks up to religion or attacks atheists.

Indeed, that’s the format here:

I. His thesis statement:

Why does creationism matter so much? Scientifically, of course, it’s nonsense. Evolution is actually true. But why should this particular bit of nonsense get so many people so very upset?

II. The questions are good ones, and he does make some stabs at answering it, but then gets lost in a thread about cultural relativism and the “fragile collective enterprise of civilization.” But, to give him credit, he does cut close to the bone when he says:

[Rejecting creationism above other inanities] is also attractive to everyone who supposes that we will all in time grow out of religion, and even grow out of the desires and perspectives from which religion springs.

For these people, Darwinian evolution comes freighted with moral meaning: it is the knife that cuts our last bonds to childishness and faith. To reject it is then especially immoral in a way that disbelieving or misunderstanding quantum physics wouldn’t be.

Brown doesn’t say whether he’s one of “these people,” but I doubt it.

But the concentration of vocal atheists on creationism might also have something to do with the fact that many who attack creationism are evolutionists, like Dawkins and I, or scientists in other fieldds, like the late Victor Stenger and Ken Miller.  We happen to have public voices, and we don’t know a lot about homeopathy or astrology.But of course there is a whole genre of people on the internet who attack noncreationist pseudoscience and spiritual medicine: Science Based Medicine and Doubtful News, to name but two.

Still, because creationism, unlike homeopathy or astrology, rests on religion, and because its embrace is critical to many people’s religious belief, it’s an especially tempting target for secularists. Many people have said that they lost their faith after they came to see evolution as true. But my own attacks on creationism come from another motive: evolution is true and, when properly understood, is simply fantastic. To think that simple, naturalistic processes can mold complex organisms like the bucket orchid or complex behaviors like the honeybee dance is almost beyond belief. I, for one, would like to infect people with that sense of wonder, and of course that has been Dawkins’s main goal throughout his life, as evidenced by the title of his autobiography. Dispelling homeopathy is best done by doctors like Orac, and astrology by skeptics like Sharon Hill.

But then, as always Brown goes off the rails, for he says that disbelief in evolution doesn’t really matter. Here’s how he ends, not with a bang but some wet osculations of spirituality:

III. Brown (my emphasis)

But the interesting thing about some research presented at the weekend by Amy Unsworth of the Faraday Institute, is that it suggests that most people who reject evolution don’t think it matters much either way. The overwhelming majority of those who think that science and religion are incompatible are not believers but atheists. Very few English people who identify as creationists believe in a young earth: this is partly because most are Muslims, and Muslim creationism has no strong attachment to a literal reading of the Genesis story. For most people, creationism is not a biological explanation, but an assertion that there is something special about humans which sets us apart from all other animals. We are the only species that can argue about creationism or conceive of God.

This doesn’t mean that evolution is false, or that there needs to be a supernatural explanation for supernatural belief. But a completely naturalistic account of how spirituality arose in the world can’t say anything about what spirituality might reveal. Eyes also have evolved but that doesn’t mean there is nothing to see.

He couldn’t help himself. Literally—for, like the rest of us, he has no free will, and his brain is wired up to purse his lips every time he approaches the rump of faith.

But really, Brown is talking about England; what he says is certainly not true of America, where creationism is a much bigger problem than it is in Britain. Most creationists in the US are young-earth creationists, especially when it comes to humans. And that “something special” that sets humans apart is frequently a quasi-biological claim: the claim that evolution could not explain things like human consciousness or morality. To argue that those have been inserted by God is indeed a scientific claim. Contra Brown, they are biological “explanations.” In fact, most people who do accept evolution in the US (about two-thirds of them) believe that God did intervene in the process at some point. Such people are creationists in an important sense creationists, for they don’t fully accept naturalistic evolution, and require God’s intervention in the process.

And if most British evolution-denialists are Muslims, as Brown says, then they reject human evolution because the Qur’an, their own scripture, tells them that Allah created humans as a special act. Lots of Muslims have no problem with evolution—except when it comes to humans. Their human exceptionalism is a scientific claim, and a false one.

The worst part is the last two sentences, where Brown touts “what spirituality might reveal.” What does he mean? Does it reveal truths about the universe? If so, what are they? Or do they reveal things similar to what my own “spiritual” experience of taking LSD in college showed: the Big Truth that “the walls are fucking brown!”

So do tell us, Mr. Brown: what IS there to see when we adopt the spirituality you’re touting?

****

You are probably asking yourself, “Professor Ceiling Cat, why do you bother attacking this mushbrained columnist?” My answer is the same one that George Mallory gave when asked why he wanted to climb Mount Everest. The difference between Mallory and me is that I wind up on top.

And for those British readers who ask this question, I respond with my own: “Why haven’t you people gotten rid of Andrew Brown yet?”

 

 

 

A miracle!

September 25, 2014 • 10:27 am

Finally, Proof of God!

A cat comes running out of the flaming rubble of the Towers Hotel right after it comes tumbling down in Dauphin, Manitoba.

I hope somebody found it a home.

 

~

Ancient amphibians could regrow their limbs

September 25, 2014 • 7:40 am

Most animals have the ability to regenerate lost parts, but not most of the tetrapods (the descendants of the four-legged creatures that invaded land; tetrapods include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals).

Salamanders are the tetrapods best at regenerating lost parts: some can replace lost limbs, eyes, hearts (!) and tails at any stage of their life.  Other salamanders can regenerate parts only when young, before metamorphosis into adults.  Frogs can replace lost limbs, but only the limbs they have when tadpoles. As adults they lose this ability.  Fish can replace some fin rays, but not lost fins. Lungfish (freshwater fish in the subclass Dipnoi) can apparently replace lost entire front or rear fins. Another primitive freshwater fish, Polypterus, can apparently regenerate its pectoral fins, though it’s not known whether this ability is limited to juveniles. Here’s a Polypterus:

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Finally, and I bet you didn’t know this (neither did I), we humans can regenerate our fingertips, though this happens more readily in children than adults. I’ve added this photograph of fingertip regeneration suggested by reader Mark Sturtevant in a comment, which comes from a nice page summarizing animals’ ability to regenerate. It’s a bit grisly, but hell, we should be able to stand looking at this for the sake of education:

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Other than that, though, humans can’t regenerate anything other major parts.  The study of regeneration in salamanders has thus become a sort of cottage industry in biology, for if we could figure out how they do it—and they’re making some progress here—maybe we could help amputees regrow their limbs, something that God has proven incapable of doing—though He’s said to be able to cure many other ailments.

The information on regeneration across groups that I just gave came from a new paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society (Series B) by Nadia Fröbisch et al. (link and free download below). But the main point of the paper was a striking new finding: fossil amphibians from 300 million years ago apparently had the ability to regenerate limbs, too. This, I think, is the first time that any fossil has been shown to have the ability to regrow lost body parts.

The authors studied many specimens of the primitive amphibian Micromelerpton credneri, from 300-million-year-old deposits in Europe.  This is what one looks like; the preservation is remarkable (the scale bar is 1 cm., and there are about 2.5 cm per inch). The authors note that in this specimen you can see the shadow of the skin, the pigments in the retinas, the external gills, and the pattern of scales. This is not really a salamander, but a primitive amphibian whose placement in the tree of tetrapods will be shown shortly:

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Figure 1. Whole specimen of Micromelerpeton credneri. Specimen MB.Am.1210 showing the exceptional quality of preservation of fossil amphi- bians from the fossil lake deposits of Lake Odernheim. Note the preservation of ‘skin shadow’, external gills, retinal pigments and scalation patterns. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

Looking at many specimens, the authors found that in some of the limbs there were signs of regeneration that resemble those seen in modern salamanders when they lose their limbs.  They claim (and I can’t judge this, but take their word for it) that these anomalies are not simple deformities in the limbs of salamanders that have not lost their limbs.

Here is one sign of regeneration, two fused “phalanges” (fingers, if you will); normal specimens have four fingers on their front “hand,” this one has a bifurcated finger so there are five digits:

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Another putatively regenerated limb, a foot this time. Feet normally have five digits, this one has six, with both central digits being thinner than normal. This, the authors say, is also a sign of regeneration and not just a deformity.

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One potential problem with the results, which the authors discuss, is that while these are likely signs of regeneration, they don’t show that the regeneration happened in adults. The digits could have been lost and regrown as juveniles, and the signs of regeneration simply persisted in the adult, which may not themselves have lost the ability to regenerate limbs. In other words, these primitive amphibians may be like frogs or some salamanders, having regenerative abilities only when young.

So what does this mean for the evolutionary history of regeneration? The authors included a nice phylogenetic diagram of fish, amphibians, and other tetrapods, both primitive and modern, showing their regenerative capabilities. The placoderms (extinct armored fish) and chondrichthyes  (fishes with cartilage: rays, skates, and sharks) can’t regenerate. Polyptera and Dipnoi can (the asterisks supposedly indicate regeneration only in juveniles, but we don’t know that for these two groups). We don’t know about the fishapod Tiktaalik, Acanthostega (one of the first tetrapods with limbs), or Eryops, an early and extinct amphibian. In fact, we don’t know the regenerative capabilities of anything without a gray box (indicating some regneration) or yellow box (those species whose phylogenetic placement is unsure; frogs and salamanders thus appear in two places).

Amniotes (birds, reptiles, and mammals) can’t regenerate anything.

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What the authors suggest from this is because the “outgroup” of tetrapods—the lungfish and Polypterus, which are fish—have regenerative abilities, as well as some of their descendants (frogs and salamanders), it is possible that the ancestor of all tetrapods, an early fish, also had the ability to regenerate body parts. In the descendants that can no longer do it, like us, we might have lost that trait. In the language of cladistics, regneration is “symplesiomorphic”: an ancestral trait.

An alternative hypothesis is that the groups in gray independently evolved the ability of regenerate: it would then be a “synapomorphy” (shared derived character).

We can’t decide between these hypotheses at present though the authors favor the former one.  The kind of evidence we’d need to decide between these hypotheses would be a bunch of early fossils showing the ability to regenerate, particularly in very primitive tetrapods or their precursors like Tiktaalik. If those had that ability, and it was seen in several early tetrapod species, it would support the notion that the very first tetrapods could all regenerate their limbs, but that the ability has been lost in some groups.

And that would raise the question: if groups like reptiles and mammals lost their ability to regenerate parts, why? It would seem to be a terrific advantage to be able to regrow lost parts.  One possible answer is that the developmental system of these groups evolved in such a way that regeneration became physiologically impossible..  But of course we won’t know any of these things until we have better fossil evidence as well as some molecular data on exactly how limbs regenerate. If the molecular and developmental basis of regeneration were similar in all tetrapods, it would suggest that they have inherited that system from an ancestor, as it would be unlikely that such similarity could evolve independently. Biologists are working feverishly on the developmental basis of regeneration.

Maybe God can’t heal amputees, but perhaps science can.

__________

Fröbisch N. B., C. Bickelmann, and F. Witzmann. 2014. Early evolution of limb regeneration in tetrapods: evidence from a 300-million-year-old amphibian. Proc R Soc B 2014 281: 20141550

h/t: Dom

Jesus ‘n’ Mo ‘n’ (Mo)rality

September 25, 2014 • 6:10 am

Today’s Jesus and Mo singles out a new study (reference below), but first the strip:

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Indeed!  Well, I suppose Jesus and Mo could simply dismiss the study, which I’m going to examine soon. Or, they could say that without religion you don’t have a good foundation or basis for morality. But what would that mean if religious and nonreligious people behave equally morally? Who would care about where the morality comes form? Besides, as everyone besides theists seems to know, morality doesn’t come from religion in the first place, but is simply codified and buttressed by religion.

Below this strip the artist has written that “The boys are disturbed by this article,” but “this article” links only to a blurb for a new study in Science.The real article, which I think is free to access (link and reference at bottom) does indeed say what has disturbed Jesus so much. Here’s its abstract (my emphasis):

The science of morality has drawn heavily on well-controlled but artificial laboratory settings. To study everyday morality, we repeatedly assessed moral or immoral acts and experiences in a large (N = 1252) sample using ecological momentary assessment. Moral experiences were surprisingly frequent and manifold. Liberals and conservatives emphasized somewhat different moral dimensions. Religious and nonreligious participants did not differ in the likelihood or quality of committed moral and immoral acts. Being the target of moral or immoral deeds had the strongest impact on happiness, whereas committing moral or immoral deeds had the strongest impact on sense of purpose. Analyses of daily dynamics revealed evidence for both moral contagion and moral licensing. In sum, morality science may benefit from a closer look at the antecedents, dynamics, and consequences of everyday moral experience.

So there’s your sense of “purpose,” Eric MacDonald! All you have to do to have that important “sense of purpose” is be moral, and, as you know, no god is required for that. And (I’ll check the data soon), it looks as if religious people don’t behave any more morally than heathens.

As I said, I’ll read the whole article this week and summarize it if it’s sufficiently interesting and solid.

____________

Hofmann, W., D. C. Wisneski, M. J. Brandt, and L. J. Skitka. 2014. Morality in everyday life. Science 345:1340-1343.

Readers’ wildlife photos

September 25, 2014 • 5:17 am
Reader Jacques Hausser, a professor of ecology and evolution at the University of Lausanne, sent some bizarre caterpillars (fake one: they aren’t lepidopteran larvae but the larvae of hymenopterans) doing some coordinated nomming:
Last monday I met these false caterpillars eating poplar leaves. They are the larvae of Craesus septentrionalis, the birch sawfly, a remote parent of wasps and honeybees. You can tell them apart from the real caterpillars of butterflies and moths by their 6 yellow pairs of “prolegs” or false legs following the usual 3 pairs of insect legs. Real caterpillars have only 5 pairs of prolegs. Their strange attitude is actually a reaction to disturbance: they expose their abdomen where a special gland produces a repellent substance. I find their disciplined way of feasting collectively, following each other along the (remaining) edge of the leave, rather amazing.
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From Stephen Barnard: “Red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis) warming up in the morning sun”:
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There’s the red tail!
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