Why Evolution is True is a blog written by Jerry Coyne, centered on evolution and biology but also dealing with diverse topics like politics, culture, and cats.
Today we have the last installment of reader Joe Dickinson’s photos from Alaska taken about five years ago (part 1 is here and part 2 here). Joe’s captions are indented.
We were fortunate to see a pod of five or six humpbacks (Megaptera novaeangliae) bubble net feeding just offshore near Juneau. A local whale watch boat joined in the fun. In all the closer shots, you can easily make out the pleats in the throat area that allow huge gulps of sea water and prey and, in the much smaller upper jaw, the baleen that will filter out the good stuff. In some, you also can make out the eye just by the jaw joint.
I’ll round out this set with some more whale tails.
It’s Thursday, January 24, 2019, and National Peanut Butter Day (No food for me, as it’s a fasting day).
On this day in 1848, sawmill operator James Marshall found gold in the water by his mill, a discovery that led to the California Gold Rush, which lasted seven years and had huge effects on the state—including the near extirpation of California’s Native Americans. On January 24, 1857, the University of Calcutta opened, constituting the first real university in South Asia.
On this day in 1908, Robert Baden-Powell founded the first Boy Scout Troop, in the same year he published Scouting for Boys, the fourth best-selling book of all time.
And on January 24, 1972, Japanese Sergeant Shoichi Yokoi was found hiding out in the jungles of Guam, where he had been lurking since 1944. He was originally with nine other Japanese soldiers, which were reduced to three who had contact with each other; but during the last eight years of his nearly 28-year vigil he lived alone in a cave, foraging for food. Discovered and captured in 1972, Yokoi had known since 1952 that WWII was ended, but was afraid to surrender. He returned to Japan, somewhat of a celebrity, collected $300 in back pay and a small pension, and died in 1997.
Yokoi was, however, not the last Japanese soldier to surrender; that honor goes to two others: Second Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda (officially released from duty of March 9, 1974, by his former commander who had traveled to the Philippines from Japan for that purpose) and Private Teruo Nakamura (captured in Indonesia on December 18, 1974).
Here’s Yokoi getting his first haircut in 28 years:
On this day in 1984, the first Apple Macintosh personal computer went on sale in the U.S. I got one shortly thereafter and still have it. It may even work, though it’s a cumbersome and useless relic. Exactly five years after Macs went on sale, serial killer Ted Bundy was executed by electrocution in the Florida State Prison. Finally, on this day in 2003, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security began operation with its first mission to grope my buttocks at TSA checkpoints.
Notables born on this day include William Congreve (1670), Frederick the Great (1712), Edith Wharton (1862), Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900; my academic grandfather), Ernest Borgnine (1917), Oral Roberts (1918), Desmond Morris (1928), Neil Diamond (1941), Gary Hart (1942), Michio Kaku (1947), John Belushi (1949), Alan Sokal (1955), and Mary Lou Retton (1968).
Here’s a short video giving some facts about Dobzhansky. I started as his graduate student at Rockefeller University, but was drafted in 1971 as a conscientious objector. When I got out of hospital service, Dobzhansky had moved to Davis and was semi-retired, so I wound up studying with his student Richard Lewontin at Harvard. I consider Dobzhansky’s greatest achievement to be his 1937 book Genetics and the Origin of Species, the founding work of the Modern Synthesis.
Those who died on January 24 include Winston Churchill (1965; PM and Nobel Laureate), Larry Fine (1975), L. Ron Hubbard (1986), and Butch Trucks (2017).
Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili doubts the wisdom of a popular cliché:
Cyrus: One has to hope
Hili: I’m not so sure. . .
In Polish:
Cyrus: Trzeba mieć nadzieję.
Hili: Nie jestem pewna.
And in the snowy mountains of southern Poland, Leon and his staff have finally bestirred themselves to go hiking.
Leon: Adventures ahoy!
In Polish: Ahoj przygodo!
A tweet from Sam Harris. Actually, I suppose someone like Ken Ham would consider the hagfish’s slime to be evidence for the divine: a wondrous adaptation conferred by God.
Can we just consider the hagfish proof that there is no God? (Works for me.) https://t.co/ow1s9o9qYd
Tweets from Matthew. This first one, he said, defies belief, and I agree. I’ve tweeted it to the Oxford Museum of Natural History, from whence it came, saying that I want the evidence!
Lessons from today: 1) people LOVE penguins 2) don't believe everything you read on toilet walls 3) there is a great untapped depth of public knowledge about bird excretion https://t.co/ubpouXznLD
Finally the monsoonal rains are arriving across Darwin and we're getting nightly detections of the threatened Howard Springs Toadlet! Luckily they have a reasonably loud, distinctive call…because they are bloody hard to get a visual on! #Honours#fieldwork#wildoz#sandfrogpic.twitter.com/nVJ07aPDrJ
I wrote about Faye’s article yesterday. It turns out that it didn’t say exactly what it seemed to say (see here).
"If Gillette ads depicted the real world, they’d have to switch from selling razors to selling pepper spray." Wry and insightful column by one of my favorite science columnists, @FayeFlamhttps://t.co/MdQi4kNbXW via @bopinion
About a week ago when I was in Hawaii, Grania put up a post, “Storm in a jockstrap“, about the new Gillette Razor ad calling out male behavior. This is what Grania said before presenting a bunch of tweets both extolling and opposing the ad.
Gillette has unleashed its latest commercial. Instead of its usual claim that it’s the best a man can get, this time they have opted for some social education and encouraged men to call out other men they see behaving badly. It’s not the worst advice ever given, although I suspect that many in the world are weary of being lectured to, especially by multi-billion dollar corporations; and even more are sick of the call-out culture of social media that may have started in an honest attempt to draw the line against society’s most egregious offenders, but has given way to nasty dog-piling on anyone who may have inadvertently trodden on someone else’s toes.
I have to say that I agree with her. When I first saw the ad, which I’ve put below, I had a two-sided response. First, I agreed with every sentiment that it expressed. Yes, there are stereotypical “male” traits (some of them, like aggression, probably the result of evolution) that are harmful to women and to society as a whole.
At the same time, I resented having to be lectured about this in almost every venue I read. Yes, some men need to absorb the ad’s lessons, but I doubt whether the ad itself would be effective. After all (or so I think), men who behave well toward women tend to hang out with similar men, and that’s true for men who behave badly.
I’d like to think I’m one of those men who has already absorbed the ad’s lessons, but my feeling wasn’t just a #NotAllMen response. I was, as Grania felt, tired of the call-out culture that leads to incessant and pompous moralizing as well as virtue flaunting. While I have no objection to the ad, and agree 100% with its message, I don’t need to hear it all the time, nor do I think that such presentations are more of an honest attempt to reform society than to ride current tides of opinion to publicize a company.
But I’m a man and lack credibility on this issue. If I say the ad didn’t move me, I risk being accused of being toxically masculine, or at least being defensive about being a male (but should I be defensive?). So let’s look at the opinion of science writer Faye Flam, who has experienced this behavior herself (for one thing, she got a physics degree from CalTech, which almost invites incursions of misogyny). Nobody can say that Faye isn’t a feminist, for she’s stuck up for the rights of women consistently through her career.
Here’s Faye’s latest column for Bloomberg Opinion, the venue for which she writes (click on the screenshot):
Why is the ad bad medicine? Here’s Faye’s take:
Reaction to the Gillette ad followed political lines, with commenters on the right seething and those on the left reporting that they cheered, even cried. I tried to watch it a couple of times for research purposes. It was pompous, humorless and weirdly retrograde, with men swooping in to save pretty damsels from thuggish jerks. But then, if Gillette ads depicted the real world, they’d have to switch from selling razors to selling pepper spray.
There are several common types of toxic male behavior. Gillette addresses what I’ll call Type 1, which is street harassment — a problem I’ve experienced since I was 13 (and yes, I looked 13). In the real world, the kinds of adult men who sneak up on women, or teenage girls, to make obscene propositions or harass them with catcalls don’t hang out with the kinds of nice guys who would stop them with a brotherly “not cool.”
Type 2 toxicity goes the other way: Men sometimes attack me online for looking so “ugly/unattractive/hideous” that my viewpoint can’t possibly matter. Why would science columns inspire this? Who knows? The subject matter gives them material; they tell me I’m so ugly a Neanderthal wouldn’t sleep with me. (There is evidence to the contrary when I step outside and several Neanderthals treat me to an uninvited description of how they would go about that very thing.)
The takeaway for me is that some men believe women exist solely for decorative purposes, and if we’re decoratively inadequate, we’re worthless. Donald Trump is a big user of this kind of toxicity. Remember when he accused New York Times columnist Gail Collins of having the face of a pig?
So if many men act in ways the ad portrays, what’s her beef? Mainly that not all stereotypically “male” traits are bad. And while you might think from the following, and especially from the subheadline above, that Faye believes that women are responsible for solving the bad behavior of men, that’s not true. But first read this, which implies otherwise:
Let’s be realistic: I don’t ask men to defend me against this sort of thing, and I can’t get excited about a razor company pretending to care. True defense must come from within — from reserves of stoicism, self-reliance and perseverance.
The American Psychological Association is in a better position than Gillette to figure out what’s wrong with these men. Quoted in that New York Times column, Harvard professor Steven Pinker argues the APA is following false leads. Stoicism, for example, is a good quality, not, as the new guidelines say, harmful. He’s got that right. And he argues that the guidelines should encourage “one side of the masculine virtues — the dignity, responsibility, self-control, and self-reliance.”
Wait — don’t I and other women need those virtues as well? These are the kinds of character traits that separate children from adults, but not men from women. I emailed him for clarification and he said that indeed, these are human virtues but “might be associated with men because they get into more trouble without them.”
To make sure I understood Faye’s message, and to ask if she thought the onus was at least in part on women to de-toxify males, I called her and said, “Look, some people are going to say that your ‘solution’ is akin to blaming rape victims for their rape. Is that what you meant?”
Faye quickly emphasized that no, that wasn’t what she meant; what she meant was that she never had males defending her against the sexism she encountered and still encounters, and therefore, to survive it, she had to cultivate her inner reserves. In other words, when she said “True defense must come from within,” she meant that this was true for her—and not a prescription for all women. The sub-headline is also misleading in this way, so I’m glad I called her. The article may get tweaked a bit.
Faye also wanted to emphasize that she sees sexism in America as falling largely along political lines: that the misogyny and sexism seem to emanate almost entirely from the Right rather than from the Left.
So, you can weigh in on all these issues: Do women bear any responsibility for detoxifying males?. Does sexism occur largely along political lines? And, of course, what do you think of the Gillette ad?
This has been a horrible year for movies for me: I haven’t seen a single movie in any of the categories below. (My poor excuse: I’ve been traveling a lot.) Ergo, I can’t weigh in on the Oscars, and I don’t think my nephew Steven, a movie buff, has made his annual list of “Golden Steves“—his own list of nominated movies. (Steven’s is inevitably more highbrow—and better—than the movies up for Oscars.)
So, as I have some pressing work to do today (some journalism for which I’ll actually get paid), I’ll let the readers weigh in by voting. If you wish, you can note your personal nominations in these Six Big Categories in the comments. The first person to guess them all correctly will win a prize: either an autographed book by yours truly or a cat book of my choice.
Today’s Jesus and Mo, called “brutal,” came with a short emailed addendum: “Today the boys are coming to terms with brutal history.” Well, in some places history hasn’t progressed that much,
Here, from Wikipedia, is a map of where blasphemy is outlawed, and what the degree of punishment is. As the article notes:
As of 2012, 33 countries had some form of anti-blasphemy laws in their legal code. Of these, 21 were Muslim-majority nations – Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Maldives, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Turkey, the UAE and the Western Sahara. Blasphemy is treated as a capital crime (death penalty) in some Muslim nations. In these nations, such laws have led to the persecution, lynchings, murder or arrest of minorities and dissident members, after flimsy accusations.
You can figure out which countries punish blasphemy by death from the map below:
And where apostasy (renunciation of faith) is a capital crime: Afghanistan, Iran, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. There’s a very large overlap with the capital-punishment countries above, and all are Muslim-majority nations. It looks as if Mo needn’t worry so much.
Tony Eales from Brisbane sent us another batch of arthropods. His notes are indented:
More of the amazing arthropods of Borneo. Here’s a few more Jumping Spiders [salticids]. Definitely my favourite group.
I couldn’t stop taking photos of the charming Harmochirus brachiatus. He struck so many photogenic poses.
I finally found a Myrmarachne, this one M. cornuta. In my favourite group, the jumping spiders, my favourite sub-group are the ant mimics. [JAC: see drawings at the link; this one is definitely an ant mimic, skinny and with a long petiole.]
Plexippus petersi has the cool common name of Common Housefly Catcher. [JAC: as the link shows, it also eats other spiders, sometimes big ones.)
Last is yet another salticid that I can’t find an ID for:
It’s a hump day: Wednesday, January 23, 2019, and it’s National Pie Day. Awesome! Pie is the best breakfast dish there is. In India today it’s also a celebration day of Subhas Chandra Bose, an Indian nationalist who (born on this day in 1897), died in 1945 under mysterious circumstances.
My beef with Pinker (a honking big steak dinner) didn’t take place as his plane to Chicago was delayed, forcing the cancellation of his event.
Today’s News in History: On January 23, 1556, the deadliest earthquake in history occurred—in Shannxi province in China. It killed as many as 830,000 people. (Deaths were due to landslides, collapsing houses, and deep fissures in the earth.) It was the third deadliest natural disaster in history (plagues aren’t counted), after two floods in China: the 1931 China floods (death toll: 1-4 million), and the 1887 Yellow River flood (death toll ca. 1-2 million). Have a look at Wikipedia’s list: China and India can’t catch a break.
On this day in 1849, Elizabeth Blackwell was awarded the degree of doctor of medicine by Geneva Medical College in New York, making her America’s first female doctor. In 1849, for crying out loud! She had a distinguished career as physician, feminist, educator, and reformer, and here she is:
On this day in 1941, Charles Lindbergh, testifying before the U.S. Congress, recommended that America negotiate a nonaggression treaty with Adolf Hitler (Lucky Lindy had long been mesmerized by the Nazis). Lindbergh was also an anti-Semite, blaming the Jews for leading the U.S. toward war. Here’s a speech he gave in Iowa in September, 1941, decrying those who recommended war, including the Jews. (Not included in this truncated speech was his statement, “The Jews are one of the principal forces attempting to lead the U.S. into the war. The Jews’ greatest danger to this country lies in their large ownership and influence in our motion pictures, our press, our radio, and our Government. I am saying that the leaders of the Jewish race wish to involve us in the war for reasons that are not American.”) Those who don’t learn from history are doomed to repeat it.
This kind of stuff made Lindberg’s popularity plummet.
On January 23, 1957, Walter Frederick Morrison sold the rights to his flying saucer to the Wham-O toy company, which called it the “Frisbee.” The rest is history. On this day in 1973, President Richard Nixon announced that a peace agreement had been reached in Vietnam. Thirteen years later, the first members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: they included Little Richard, Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Fats Domino, The Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley. Good choices!
Finally, on this day 17 years ago, U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl was kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan. He was later beheaded.
Notables born on this day include John Hancock (1737), Stendhal (1783), Édouard Manet (1832), David Hilbert (1862), Subhas Chandra Bose (1897), Django Reinhardt (1910), Giant Baba (1938), Chesley Sullenberger (1951), and Mariska Hargitay (1964).
Remembering the incomparable Django, who played fantastic jazz guitar with only three digits (tweet from Matthew):
Remembering Django Reinhardt, born on this day in 1910 in Liberchies, Pont-à-Celles, Belgium. pic.twitter.com/dP71rCc146
Those who died on January 23 include Arthur Guinness (1803; and yes, the brewer), William Pitt the Younger (1806), Gustave Doré (1883), Anna Pavlova (1931), Edvard Munch (1944), Pierre Bonnard (1947), Kid Ory (1973), Paul Robeson (1976), Salvador Dali (1989), Helmut Newton (2004), Jack LaLanne (2011), and Ernie Banks (2015).
Everybody knows Munch’s “The Scream,” but here’s another lovely painting of his: “Madonna” (1894-1895):
Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Andrzej, recuperating from his heart attack, must follow doctor’s orders. Hili is helping!
A: And how am I to work?
Hili: The doctor recommended frequent breaks.
In Polish:
Ja: I jak ja mam pracować?
Hili: Lekarz zalecił ci częste przerwy.
Reader Barry sent this dude in a pit of pythons, adding “I hope they are well fed.”
Rep. Ilhan Omar admits to Bari Weiss that she, Omar, was befuddled when she posted her infamous Israel tweet. We’ll see how she rolls when the House begins trying to do something.
Thank you, Rep. @IlhanMN, for reading and for addressing. Please consider this an open invitation to @nytopinion, where I would be happy to talk more about anti-Semitism and Israel with you. https://t.co/eseHWOltzG
Tweets from Matthew. Backstory: last Sunday’s New York Times Magazine published an anti-genetics hit piece on David Reich and other paleogeneticists. Not only Reich, but several respected geneticists pushed back, and I may write about this. Meanwhile, look at Reich’s own responses, linked in the tweet below: