HuffPo: Coverage of Istanbul terror attack shows that America doesn’t care about Muslim lives

July 3, 2016 • 9:30 am

As we all know, PuffHo is having a big campaign to not only make Islam seem like a Wonderful Religion of Peace, but (and more admirably) to show that not all Muslims are terrorists. But they repeatedly conflate criticism of the religion with criticism of its adherents, lumping both under the rubric of “Islamophobia”—a word that the PuffHo throws around as often as the words “and” and “the.” In fact, PuffHo rarely even discusses the problematic tenets of Islam; I guess those are either off limits or too difficult for its brain-dead readers.

In the article I discuss below, for instance, there are 24 pictures of people explaining why we should challenge Islamophobia. Not “Muslimophobia” but “Islamophobia.” This one clearly shows the conflation:

slide_419780_5359744_free

Doesn’t that remind you of a certain NRA-ish slogan about guns and people? The implication, of course, is that religion is not a source of violence—that terrorists are simply violent people who aren’t motivated by anything religious, nor even by any ideology. It’s about the stupidest thing one can say about the whole issue. After all, humans not only created religion and some of its violent dictates, but religions—Islam in this case—can be interpreted by people as condoning, sanctioning, or even urging violence. I feel sorry for the brainwashed young man above.

But on to the PuffHo article, and I’ll try to be brief. The piece, by Dean Obeidallah, is called “Coverage of the Istanbul bombing proves once again that American media care little about Muslim lives.” The rag describes the author as “a former lawyer turned political comedian and commentator. He is the host of SiriusXM’s weekly program ‘The Dean Obeidallah show.’ He is also the Founder and Editor of the blog ‘The Dean’s Report.com.'” I’d add that he’s a big-time apologist.

At any rate, Obeidallah’s contention is that because the Istanbul airport bombings weren’t covered as extensively as those in Paris or at the Brussels airport, this shows that either the American media, Americans in general, or both, think that the lives of Muslims are worth less than the lives of non-Muslims. It’s all a manifestation of Islamophobia.

The contention:

Many, including myself, expected media outlets to cover this incident with at least the same intensity and breadth as they covered the Brussels terror attack in March that left 31 dead. Then we saw American news media spring into action, sending a cadre of anchors and reporters to Belgium providing “wall-to-wall coverage.”

NBC’s Matt Lauer and Lester Holt anchored live from Brussels. MSNBC’s hostChris Hayes and anchor Thomas Roberts went to report from the streets of Belgium.

When outlets like CNN consider a story especially important, they tend to bring out their top anchors. For Brussels, there was extensive coverage, some anchored by Anderson Cooper, showing the gravity of the situation. “Good Morning America” featured a special edition on the attacks as well. But Istanbul wasn’t afforded the same treatment. Yes, there was widespread coverage Tuesday night on cable news channels in the hours after the incident. But come Wednesday, there appeared to be little to no anchors there from major American media outlets on the streets of Turkey. We didn’t witness an outpouring of touching stories about those lost or detailed profiles about the heroism of the several Turkish police officers killed in the attack. And as the day wore on, Istanbul became just one of many big stories covered in the news.

 The conclusion:

The message sent by the American media, intentionally or not, is that when there’s an attack on a nation like Turkey that is 99 percent Muslim and the victims are primarily Muslim, it simply isn’t that important.

. . . And shockingly even when right-wing Americans plot to kill Muslim Americans on U.S soil, there’s little media coverage. You might be asking: What terror plots on Muslim Americans? Well that’s part of the problem.

There’s Glendon Scott Crawford, a Klan member, who was convicted last August in federal court for trying to “acquire a radiation weapon for mass destruction” to kill Muslim Americans in New York State. He was convicted and facing a sentence of 25 years to life in August 2015, but we didn’t see many national headlines for this story.

. . . Is the lack of media coverage because there’s an empathy gap for Muslims lives? Or is it that the media executives simply believe Americans don’t care and won’t watch stories about Muslims killed by terror attacks?

It’s not clear, but considering the news is a business, I’d suspect the second reason is more at play. After all, this week we didn’t see an outpouring of “Je suis Turkey” type postings and Facebook didn’t create a Turkey filter for your profile the way it created a France one after the Paris attack.

You get the idea. And perhaps there’s a soupçon of truth in Obeidallah’s argument. But he hasn’t considered alternative hypotheses that I think are more important. First, it’s likely that many American don’t even know that most Turks are Muslims! Yes, about 99% of them are, but never underestimate the ignorance of Americans when it comes to other countries.

Second, it’s not as if the media ignored what happened in Turkey. It was the lead story on the NBC News three days running, and the major headline in papers like the New York Times. And, as a counterexample, the 2014 kidnapping of 276 Nigerian schoolgirls, many of them Muslim, by Boko Haram, received huge media attention, prompting the “Bring Back our Girls” campaign. The fact that many of those girls were Christians didn’t bring that attention: few people even knew the religions of those girls. What mattered is that children were abducted.

Third, there’s a reason why news organizations might deploy fewer commentators to places like Turkey: they’re farther away and thus more expensive to reach and broadcast from.

But the main reason, of course, and one that I’ve discussed before, may well be this:  the the Istanbul bombings may have gotten less coverage than those in Paris or Brussels not because Americans devalue Muslim lives, but because Americans share more of their culture with Europe than with Turkey. How many Americans have visited either Brussels or Paris as opposed to Istanbul? How many Americans have lived in Europe compared to Turkey, or have friends or relatives in either Europe or Turkey? How many Americans know much about Turkish culture? This has nothing to do with dehumanizing adherents to a faith, but with feeling closer to a country that you know something about, and whose culture you’re more familiar with.

If there were similar bombings in, say, in Papua New Guinea, which is largely Christian but with a layer of (non-Muslim!) folk religions, those would probably get even less attention. Or if you’re ready to claim that that’s just because the inhabitants are largely black, substitute Vladivostok or Bucharest—white Christian cities.

As one of my friends emailed me when I pointed out this article, “Some people just have a sort of weird need to beat themselves up about things that have nothing to do with them. They are the modern-day equivalent of the old timey Catholic saints who wore hairshirts, whipped themselves and only allowed themselves small sips of warm water on hot days.” Yep, Obeidallah is certainly in that group. His article is nothing more than virtue-signaling: a way to puff out his chest and say that he’s better than the rest of us “Islamophobes.”

Readers’ wildlife photos

July 3, 2016 • 7:30 am

Reader Diane G., an avid birder and animal lover, incubated and raised a baby tortoise, documenting it with this cool story (her words are indented). Enjoy it on this holiday weekend!

The recent article about nine new babies of an 80-year-old Galapagos Tortoise at the Zurich Zoo reminded me of our own little tortoises’ blessed event, and I thought I’d send some pictures of the youngster.

In 2000, out of the blue, my 9-year-old daughter Liz decided she wanted a tortoise for her birthday.  Being a family that’s gaga for animals, we did some research and concluded that the only common tortoise in the pet trade that we could possibly provide enough room and environmental richness for was the so-called Russian Tortoise, Agrionemys horsfieldii, one of the smallest available.  That August we welcomed Vladimir to the family.  He was absolutely captivating and so two years later we adopted a female, Anastasia.

(Despite its common name this is a tortoise of the ‘stans”—“eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, southern Kazakhstan, the westernmost part of Xinjiang (China), and part of northwestern Pakistan…  Its range has been reported to cover 3,362,935 km2, with the Central Asian deserts containing 73% of the species range…” )

Two years later I found two eggs on the shavings in Anya’s indoor tub.  Wow—cool, right?  Once more we read up, found the right incubator settings, and began the first of several long slogs of trying to hatch tortoise eggs.  Two years and ten eggs later, we were astounded when egg # 11 hatched!  Here’s the youngster right after hatching–with a piece of eggshell covering his head, naturally.

DSCN1420 r75%

The second, third, and fourth photos show some of his first meals, after his yolk sac was completely absorbed. The last one was taken through the side of his plastic enclosure, so it’s a bit clouded, but I just love the way he had to stand on his tippy-toes to reach the repast in his yogurt-carton lid dish!

DSCN1860 r75%a

DSCN1941 r75a

DSCN1866 r75

For the next shot, we placed the hatchling in a tub with Dad (center) and Mom (right) for a size comparison.

DSCN2007 r75

Liz wanted to continue the Russian-name theme but it’s nearly impossible to sex these baby tortoises; thus she decided that the offspring would be either Natasha or Boris, and for the time-being we’d call it NB. A few years later we determined it was male, but after calling him NB for so long, it’s been difficult to remember to say Boris–90% of the time he’s still NB.

Anya continued to lay eggs through 2007, for a total of 21 overall, but NB was the only one ever to hatch. I dissected most of the unhatched eggs after incubating, but found only one nearly fully developed embryo, another one that died at a much younger stage, a few with barely visible evidence of fertilization, and many clear eggs.

Sadly, we lost Anya to a bad infection a few years ago; but Vladi and NB are still going strong. The little guy is nearly 12 years old now, and bigger than his father.

Jerry asked about how we keep them.  Happily we had an unused chicken run at the time, which I divided in two lengthwise for them (because males and females can’t be kept together except for short periods in order to mate,  nor can two males be kept together because they fight). Here’s a shot of the habitat with NB visible in the front of the left side run.

DSC01668 rz

When these shots were taken he was about half grown, I’d say.

DSC01654 rz i

When they have to be inside, they each had a separate tub:

DSCN3137 rz

Now, with Anya gone and NB grown, the latter uses the former’s tub.  We’ve had Vladi now for nearly 16 years, and hope he & NB stick around for many more.

Sunday: Hili dialogue

July 3, 2016 • 6:30 am

It’s a three-day weekend in the U.S., with tomorrow being the Fourth of July, aka Independence Day, when we happily separated ourselves from a country that ultimately voted for Brexit. On this day in 1775, George Washington took command of the revolutionary forces, the Continental Army. On July 3, 1844, the last pair of great auks was killed, and in 1996, twenty years ago, the Stone of Scone was returned to Scotland from Westminster Abbey; it now resides in the castle at Edinburgh.

Notables born on this day include George M. Cohan (1878), Tom Stoppard (1937), Tom Cruise (1962), and and Ludivine Sagnier (1979). Those who died on this day include Trigger (the horse, 1965), Brian Jones (1969), Jim Morrison (1971) and Andy Griffith (2012). I note sadly the passing of author and Holocaust “activist” Elie Wiesel yesterday. Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili is kvetching about the gardening:

Hili: An unmown meadow is more ecological.
A: You think so…
Hili: A cat creeping stealthily is invisible there.

P1040498 (1)
In Polish:
Hili: Niekoszona łąka jest bardziej ekologiczna.
Ja: Tak uważasz?
Hili: Tak, nie widać na niej skradającego się kota.

Why is red nail polish so popular?

July 2, 2016 • 5:00 pm

Walking to the store the other day, I found myself bored and unable to brain. Then a woman passed me wearing sandals (it’s summer up here, after all) and bright red toenail polish. That gave me something to do: I decided to count the colors on the feet of all the women who passed me until I got to the store and then to my place. The only criteria were that I had to pass the women on the sidewalk, going either way, and that their toes were exposed so I could see if they were wearing pollish and, if so, what color. Here’s the total out of 28 women surveyed:

  • 19 red
  • 3 no polish or colorless polish
  • 6 other colors: 1 white, 1 green, 2 purple, 2 blue

This is exactly the kind of experiment the great Victorian polymath Francis Galton, Darwin’s half cousin, would have done. Besides his huge contributions to statistics, he was always conducting crazy little studies to satisfy his curiosity, including surveying the women from various cities of Britain to see which city’s women were the most beautiful (as I recall, he had a card that he’d secretly punch when he saw a woman). You can see the winning and losing cities here.

My conclusion: women favor red toenail polish over other colors—by a large margin. I’m sure that one would get the same result if one surveyed fingernail polish, which I didn’t do. And, of course, it hasn’t escaped my notice that red lipstick is by far the favorite among colors. One might be able to get similar results simply by tallying the various colors on sale at drugstores or the beauty counters of department stores.

When I told one of my women friends this result, she said that she herself would never bare her toes without colored polish, and it was invariably red. When I said, “Why red?”, she answered “Because I like it.”

Well, that’s the proximate explanation, but I want to know why they like it. There has to be some reason why red is the most popular color. One explanation, of course, is simply that it’s the most visible or striking color, and thus calls attention to the toes, fingers, and lips. But then, why red rather than orange or bright yellow?

Now I’m sure that evolutionary psychologists have dealt with this question, and I’m almost as sure that the answers are varied. I would bet, knowing nothing about this question, that the answers involve either invoking the colors of berries gleaned by our ancestors, or the resemblance between the red color of the polish and the color of a woman’s excited nether parts (well, they’re not really red). Support for the latter hypothesis comes from the notion that the redder a woman’s lips are, the more sexual she is.

As for me, I’m content to have done my little survey, confident that the results are pretty general, and I’ll leave it to the evolutionary psychologists to provide hypotheses. Maybe some of them would even be testable. Can we color the nails of female chimpanzees or baboons and see what happens?

I would, of course, particularly like to hear from women readers, either adding to the tally or explaining their choice of colors (or why they don’t use color).

getty_rf_photo_of_fingers_and_toes

Evolution 2016: Mammals

July 2, 2016 • 10:30 am

by Greg Mayer

I spent June 17-22 in Austin, Texas, for Evolution 2016, the annual joint meeting of the Society for the Study of Evolution, the American Society of Naturalists, and the Society of Systematic Biology, which is the premier annual gathering of evolutionary biologists from around the world. I hope to make a few posts about the goings on, and we’ll start with some natural history.

On the day I arrived I met up with my friend and colleague Steve Orzack, and we headed out to Pedernales Falls State Park, about an hour west of Austin, to do some birding and herping prior to the official kickoff of the meeting that evening. Also keeping an eye out for mammals, I noticed a sign mentioning “rock squirrels”, showing a black headed squirrel, and recalling how variable fox squirrels are, I wondered if this might be the local variety of fox squirrels. We soon came across a squirrel, which, however, was a rather interesting Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).

Eastern gray squirrel at Pedernales Falls State Park, Johnson City, Texas, 17 June 2016
Eastern gray squirrel at Pedernales Falls State Park, Johnson City, Texas, 17 June 2016

In the northern United States, gray squirrels are typically gray above and white below, while fox squirrels are a slightly different shade of gray above and fulvous below. Very rarely a gray squirrel may be fulvous below, in which case the definitive character to look for is that gray squirrels have a white frosting or “halo” on their tails (the tips of the outer tail hairs being white). The squirrel above caught our attention because while gray above, it’s clearly ochraceous buff below, so I thought it might be a fox squirrel. We kept it under observation, and it soon showed its true colors.

Eastern gray squirrel at Pedernales Falls State Park, Johnson City, Texas, 17 June 2016.
Eastern gray squirrel at Pedernales Falls State Park, Johnson City, Texas, 17 June 2016.

Obligingly raising its tail while stopping to drink out of small puddles and pools in the spring-fed muddy track along which we walked, it revealed its gray squirrel-defining frosting on its tail, while also clearly showing it was reddish below.

I’ve never seen gray squirrels in the north drink like this, and it may reflect the scarcity of water sources in the dry scrublands of Texas. This squirrel was also of interest because the park is in Blanco County, and according to Texas Tech, Blanco County is just outside the range of the gray squirrel, so this would be a new county record. (The rock squirrel of Pedernales Falls turns out to be a rather bushy-tailed, black-headed ground squirrel, Spermophilus variegatus, but we did not see any).

The reddish ventral coloration was not a peculiarity of this individual, for the urban squirrels of Austin were also gray squirrels with ochraceous buff venters. This guy was hanging out at one of the bars on Rainey Street.

Eastern gray squirrel on Rainey Street, Austin, Texas, 19 June 2016.
Eastern gray squirrel on Rainey Street, Austin, Texas, 19 June 2016.

This one was in the parkland strip along Lady Bird Lake (actually an impounded strip of the Colorado River) just west of Rainey Street. The ochraceous buff venter is clearly visible.

Eastern gray squirrel,Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016.
Eastern gray squirrel, Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016.

This particular squirrel was first spotted with a mixed flock of great-tailed grackles, white-winged doves, and rock doves. Try spotting all four species in the picture below

Mixed feeding flock of rock doves, white-winged doves, great-tailed grackles, and an eastern gray squirrel, Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016. Can you spot all the species?
Mixed feeding flock of rock doves, white-winged doves, great-tailed grackles, and an eastern gray squirrel, Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016. Can you spot all the species?

Austin’s most famous mammals are the Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) that roost under the Congress Avenue Bridge, and emerge by the millions (or so I am told) each evening. I went out twice to see them, once from below the bridge, and once from the sidewalk above; they came out about 9 PM. Both times large crowds gathered both above and below, and many vessels, including tour boats, gathered on the lake below the bridge. Attempts to photograph them were unsuccessful with my limited camera, but you can see them briefly in the video; listen for the murmur of the bats in the background behind the voices. The red light is a search light used by one of the tour boats, and I tried to follow this light to catch the bats on the video.

On the last day of the meetings, I walked under the bridge to get to the concluding Super Social, and found this dead bat below the bridge. You can clearly see its ‘free tail’ (i.e. the tail is not completely contained within the membrane of the uropatagium).

Mexican free-tailed bat, Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016.
Mexican free-tailed bat, Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016.

The deposits of bat-feces rich sediments (bat guano) below bat roosts (especially if in caves) are often important sources of fossils of bats and associated creatures; there’s a ‘rain’ of dead bats into this sediment. But with a lake and sidewalk below, this cute fellow is unlikely to be fossilized.

Mexican free-tailed bat, Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016.
Mexican free-tailed bat, Austin, Texas, 21 June 2016.

The pièce de résistance of the mammals of Austin for me was a new species and family of mammals for my life list: I spotted a coypu (Myocastor coypus) swimming down Waller Creek in the heart of downtown Austin, right behind Iron Works BBQ. The coypu (or nutria) is an invasive species, originally brought to the U.S. from South America. They look like large muskrats, but do not have a laterally compressed tail. I was looking for the tail, which I could not see clearly, but once I looked at my pictures and video I could easily see the distinctive, diagnostic whitish snout of the coypu.

Caturday felid trifecta: TED talks for cat lovers; Lucky Cat Museum; England’s first cat show

July 2, 2016 • 9:30 am

First I have a list of TED talks for cat lovers, which you can find here or simply clicking on the screenshot below. I can’t say that I’ve watched any of them because of my aversion to TED talks, but some of them may actually be good.

Screen Shot 2016-05-14 at 8.55.28 AM

*********

Do you have a Lucky Cat icon—you know, the cat with one paw raised in the air? I do: here it is in my office:

Photo on 7-2-16 at 7.36 AM

You often see these in Asian restaurants and stores. The cat is actually known in Japanese as a “maneki-neko,” which simply means “beckoning cat.” Wikipedia has quite a long entry on the maneki-nekos, which includes this essential information:

The figurine depicts a cat (traditionally a calico Japanese Bobtail) beckoning with an upright paw, and is usually displayed in—often at the entrance of—shops, restaurants, pachinko parlors, and other businesses. Some of the sculptures are electric or battery-powered and have a slow-moving paw beckoning. The maneki-neko is sometimes also called the welcoming cat, lucky cat, money cat, happy cat, beckoning cat, or fortune cat in English.

Maneki-neko comes in different colors, styles and degrees of ornateness. Common colors are white, black, gold and sometimes red. In addition to ceramic figurines, maneki-neko can be found as keychains, piggy banks, air fresheners, house-plant pots, and miscellaneous ornaments, as well as large statues. It is also sometimes called the “Chinese lucky cat” due to its popularity among Chinese merchants.

. . . To some Westerners (Italians and Spaniards are notable exceptions) it may seem as if the maneki-neko is waving rather than beckoning. This is due to the difference in gestures and body language recognized by some Westerners and the Japanese. The Japanese beckoning gesture is made by holding up the hand, palm down, and repeatedly folding the fingers down and back, thus the cat’s appearance. Some maneki-neko made specifically for some Western markets will have the cat’s paw facing upwards, in a beckoning gesture that is more familiar to most Westerners.

Maneki-neko can be found with either the right or left paw raised (and sometimes both). The significance of the right and left raised paw differs with time and place. A common belief is that the raised left paw brings in customers, while a right paw brings good luck and wealth, although some believe the opposite, or that one paw is for luck and the other for wealth. Another interpretation says that a raised left paw attracts money, while a raised right paw protects it.  Still others say that a left paw raised is best for drinking establishments, the right paw for other stores (those who hold their liquor well are called “left-handed” (hidari-kiki) in Japanese). Yet another interpretation is that right is for home and left for business.

It is commonly believed the higher the raised paw, the greater the luck. Consequently, over the years maneki-neko‘s paw has tended to appear ever higher. Some use the paw height as a crude method of gauging the relative age of a figure. Another common belief is that the higher the paw, the greater the distance good fortune will come from.

Apparently the maneki-neko first appeared in the mid-eighteenth century, at the end of the Edo Period. The first record is in 1852, and here’s one, in a painting of that date by Hiroshige:

Characters_from_Plays_as_Merchants_and_Customers,_from_the_series_Flourishing_Business_in_Balladtown_02
“Joruri-machi Hanka no zu” by Utagawa Hiroshige, created in 1852, depicts the selling of “Marushime-neko”, a variation of Maneki-neko, being sold at Sensō-ji temple, Tokyo.
Another early maneki-neko from the Edo period
Maneki-Neko_and_Okiagari-Koboshi_Daruma_Edo_Period
A wooden mold for a Maneki-Neko and Okiagari-Koboshi Daruma figure from the Edo Period, 18th century. Brooklyn Museum.
And here’s an unusual one with both paws raised. It came from from the Sushi restaurant Isobune Sushi in Japantown, San Francisco, California (Flickr):
800px-Maneki_neko_by_greychr_in_Japantown,_San_Francisco
If you want to see several hundred of these, you can visit the Lucky Cat Museum in Cinncinnati, Ohio. Run by Micha Robertson, it’s open only by appointment; details are at the link.  If you have a maneki-neko, weigh in below.

*********

 

When was the first cat show?  I can’t easily find the answer, but in England it was in 1871, as described in this article in Atlas Obscura.  Although I don’t go to many cat shows, I do occasionally, as they’re fun. Lots of cat owners are friendly and glad to talk about their show cats, and there are also Crazy Cat People running around in cat-themed clothes. (Yes, I know I have a Hili shirt!) And if you have a cat you can get all kinds of freebies.

The organizer of the first show, Harrison Weir, did so to refurbish their image. As the article describes (my emphasis):

Before Weir united cats and aristocrats, kitties were considered street animals. Cats provided a useful service—rodent extermination—but were not generally valued for their cuteness, cuddliness, or companionship. Charles Darwin lamented their “nocturnal rambling habits” in 1859’s On the Origin of the Species, while Windsor Magazine noted that the cat was merely a “necessary household appendage.” To snuggle with a cat would be to snuggle with your pest exterminator—it just wasn’t their function.

Weir, a lover of many creatures including poultry, pigeons, dogs, and rabbits, considered cats “possibly the most perfect, and certainly the most domestic” of animals. Weir was not always a cat enthusiast—in his 1889 book Our Cats and All About Them he confesses to having had “a bias” against them and says he took “some time coming to this belief.” But once convinced of cats’ merits, Weir became a feline evangelist.

Weir organized the first cat show in England at Crystal Palace, and the article goes on in an amusing vein:

On the train heading to the Crystal Palace for the big event, Weir happened to run into a friend, who enquired as to his well-being and the purpose of his journey. When Weir explained the cat show, his friend was astonished. “A show of cats!” he cried. “Why, I hate the things.” [JAC: Do not trust people who dislike cats. It is a moral failing.]

Weir took a deep breath. “I am sorry, very sorry, that you do not like cats,” he said, before spending several minutes explaining all the reasons he adored the animal. They can unlatch doors, or even knock with their paws for admittance! They catch rats and mice! They are full of sense!

According to Weir’s book, Our Cats and All About Them, this impassioned evangelism became a bit much: “’Stop,’ said my friend, ‘I see you do like cats, and I do not, so let the matter drop.’”

Here’s a photo of the Great Event, which apparently did a lot for making cats into beloved rather than despised animals:

image

The less-than-egalitarian nature of cat shows didn’t stop the animals from securing a more general affection. “[T]he cat is gradually creeping into the affections of mankind, even in this busy work-a-day world,” wrote Frances Simpson in 1903’sBook of the Cat. Simpson singled out Weir as a difference-maker, noting that “great strides” had been made in the realm of cat fancying since that day in 1871 when Weir “was laughed at by his incredulous and astonished railway companion.”

Lady’s Realm magazine expressed a similar opinion in 1900, saying Weir had “done wonders for the amelioration of pussy.” In three decades, cats had gone from being chased in the streets to being welcomed onto the hearth. Whether they won a prize at some snooty show was beside the point—as Lady’s Realm said, “how great has been the change in the conditions of life of the harmless, necessary cat!”

h/t: Grania, Stephen

My last pair of boots. 10. Finishing the bottoms

July 2, 2016 • 8:45 am
 This is the next-to-last series of photos documenting the making of My Last Pair of Boots by Lee Miller of Austin Texas.  They’re actually done and have been shipped, but many bootmakers are superstitious and don’t like to show the finished product until they’re sure it fits, so I’ll put up the final series after I get them. Here we see the final bit of construction: putting on the outsoles, the heels (made from stacks of leather) and the heel caps. Note also the use of wooden pegs to fasten the outsole to everything else. (Wood rather than metal is used because wood, when wet, swells like the leather in which it’s embedded, keeping the fastening tight.) These are the sign of a good cowboy boot, for while they’re probably no longer required given the stitching and glue, they’re a tradition—one that involves a lot of hand work. The photos and notes (indented) are from Carrlyn Miller:
Lee is sanding the bottoms to prepare to put the outsoles on.
Jerry%27s Boots1
Lee takes another piece of leather and attaches it to the forepart of the boot. It will give you some cushioning.
Jerry%27s Boots2
Lee trims the excess away.
Jerry%27s Boots3
And, trims some more.
Jerry%27s Boots4
Cement is applied.
Jerry%27s Boots5
Everything is put outside to dry. The outsoles have also been cemented.
Jerry%27s Boots6
 Lee has laid the sole on and is now trimming it to the boot.
Jerry%27s Boots7
The boots are then wooden pegged. We use wooden pegs in the shank and around the heel.
Jerry%27s Boots8
Now it’s time to build the heels. The area is cemented and placed outside to dry. Nice to have such warm weather now 🙂 The pieces on the cardboard are the rand pieces.
Jerry%27s Boots9
The rand piece is the first piece to go on when building the heels. Here you can see Lee has put it on.
Jerry%27s Boots10
Again, he sands to shape it.
Jerry%27s Boots11
Lee begins to build the heels layer by layer.
Jerry%27s Boots12
Jerry%27s Boots13
The heels are built, and now it’s time to put the heel caps on.
Jerry%27s Boots14
The heel caps are on, and it’s time to dye, ink and burnish the soles, heels and welt. Here Lee has taped off a section of the sole so that the wax and ink don’t get into the bottoms stain that he’ll apply to the forepart of the sole.
Jerry%27s Boots15
Everyone does it a little differently. Some people burnish the entire bottoms. Some people only use polish to finish up the soles. Here is the boot waiting to be dyed and inked.
Jerry%27s Boots16-1
In this last picture for today, you can see the bottoms have been inked and dyed. They are again outside drying.
Jerry%27s Boots17