Readers’ wildlife photos (and video)

January 11, 2016 • 7:45 am

My old friend Andrew Berry, who teaches and advises biology undergraduates at Harvard, recently went on a trip en famille to the Galápagos—as a lecturer on a university alumni cruise. He’s a good photographer, using the same Panasonic Lumix camera as I do, and he sent me a selection of what he calls his “holiday snaps.” There’s a video at the end, too. Captions are Andrew’s.

Galapagos flycatcher, Myiarchus magnirostris, (endemic), Floreana:

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Female sea turtle somewhat grumpily emerging from the water to lay her eggs.  Presumably Pacific Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas.  Floreana, with Isla Campeon in the background.

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Yellow crowned night heron Nyctanassa violacea posing patiently, Floreana.

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The cause of the heron’s patience: a worm hole directly in front.

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Charles Darwin wearing a curious purple finch head dress.  San Cristobal.

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In the Galapagos, prickly pear bushes have become trees.  Opuntia echios.  Floreana.

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Male lava lizardsMicrolophus sp, San Cristobal. Endemic.

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Female lava lizard, Microlophus sp, San Cristobal. Endemic.

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Sea lion, Zalophus californianus, obligingly providing some foreground.

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Brown pelicanPelicanus occidentalis, and blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii.  San Cristobal.

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Lava gull goofing around, San Cristobal. Larus fuligionosus, endemic.

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A sea lion unmoved by considerations of comfort when it comes to finding a spot of a bit of a lie-down.  Zalophus californianus.

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Marine iguana, icon of the Galapagos.  Amblyrhynchus cristatus, endemic.  San Cristobal.  Darwin’s encounter was crudely experimental: “I threw one several times as far as I could, into a deep pool left by the retiring tide; but it invariably returned in a direct line to the spot where I stood. It swam near the bottom, with a very graceful and rapid movement, and occasionally aided itself over the uneven ground with its feet. As soon as it arrived near the edge, but still being under water, it tried to conceal itself in the tufts of sea-weed, or it entered some crevice. As soon as it thought the danger was past, it crawled out on the dry rocks, and shuffled away as quickly as it could. I several times caught this same lizard, by driving it down to a point, and though possessed of such perfect powers of diving and swimming, nothing would induce it to enter the water; and as often as I threw it in, it returned in the manner above described. Perhaps this singular piece of apparent stupidity may be accounted for by the circumstance, that this reptile has no enemy whatever on shore, whereas at sea it must often fall a prey to the numerous sharks. Hence, probably, urged by a fixed and hereditary instinct that the shore is its place of safety, whatever the emergency may be, it there takes refuge.”

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Marine iguana, Española.

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Marine iguana, Española.

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Galapagos dove, Zinaida galapagoenis, Española. Endemic.

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Proud parent, Nazca booby. Sula granti. Española.

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Swallow-tailed gull, Creagrus furcates.  Endemic.  Española.

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Marine iguanas, Española.

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Sally Lightfoot crabGrapsus grapsus.  Española.

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Española mockingbird, Nesomimus macdonaldi.  One of four species of Galápagos mockingbirds, each one on a different island. Darwin recognized differences among islands, but it wasn’t until he talked in London to the ornithologist John Gould that he came to appreciate that the differences were sufficient to qualify the mockingbirds as separate species.  This Española species is particularly tame; here one is investigating the contents of my backpack.

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Española mockingbird, Nesomimus macdonaldi, on the beach at Gardner Bay.  This is a mockingbird territorial face-off. Galapagos mockingbirds are co-operative breeders, meaning that a few individuals breed, and others help out.  They form cooperative groups of as many as 25 individuals, which defend their group territories using the remarkable “dance” seen in the video at bottom (shot at the same time as the photo above was taken).

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Land iguana, Conolophus subcristatus, Baltra Island.  Endemic.  Darwin was a little unkind about this species: “Ugly animals, of a yellowish orange beneath and of a brownish red colour above: from their low facial angle they have a singularly stupid appearance”

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Giant tortoise, Geochelone elephantopus, Santa Cruz.  Endemic.  Darwin famously missed the boat on this species.  He was told upon arrival in the Galapagos that it was possible to tell from the structure of a tortoise’s carapace the island from which it was derived. However, he failed to follow up on this and his discovery of the role of geographic isolation in the genetic divergence of populations had to wait.  He preferred instead, it seems, to ride the beasts: “I was always amused when overtaking one of these great monsters as it was quietly pacing along, to see how suddenly, the instant I passed it, it would draw in its head and legs, and uttering a deep hiss fall to the ground with a heavy sound, as if struck dead. I frequently go on their backs, and then, giving a few raps on the hinder part of their shells, they would rise up and walk away — but I found it very difficult to keep my balance.”

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Andrew also sent a video with these notes:

Española mockingbird, Nesomimus macdonaldi, on the beach at Gardner Bay. This is a mockingbird territorial face-off, with two groups noisily contesting a territory boundary. Galapagos mockingbirds are co-operative breeders, meaning that a few individuals breed, and others help out. They form cooperative groups of as many as 25 individuals, who defend their group territories using the remarkable “dance” seen here. Video by Megan Berry.

David Bowie died

January 11, 2016 • 6:30 am

I had no idea that David Bowie, the Chameleon of Music, had cancer, but he’d apparently been ill for 18 months. Sadly, he died from the disease yesterday at the young age of 69.  I just read a good piece in the New Yorker on his new album, but it didn’t mention he was sick.

The BBC has a nice obituary with pictures and videos; and the longer New York Times obit, with a slideshow, is here. The NYT also published a collection of tributes, ranging from Madonna to the Archbishop of Canterbury.

I wasn’t a huge fan of his (I simply wasn’t aware of what he was doing), but he did record two songs that, to me, are classics: “Young Americans” and, especially, “Changes”. I’ll put them below. The best obituary, however, appeared today at the East Finchley tube station in London, tw**ted by Charlie Elliott:

https://twitter.com/charlienin/status/686471057801371648?s=03

“Changes”:

“Young Americans”:

If you liked Bowie, or have any favorite tunes, please weigh in below (try not to post YouTube videos, though!)

It’s cold!

January 11, 2016 • 6:19 am

When I was a wee kid, my father used to tell me one of his patented jokes, always at bedtime. Here’s how it went:

Floyd: Jerry, did you ever hear about the kee-kee bird? It lives at the North Pole!

Little Jerry:  No, dad. Why do they call it the kee-kee bird?

Floyd: Because it sits up there at the Pole and calls, “Kee kee kee kee KEE-RIST, it’s cold!

And so it is in Chicago today; I damn near froze my face off on the 11-minute walk to work:

Fahrenheit:Photo on 1-11-16 at 6.11 AM

Celsius (note the minus sign):

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At that’s not even near as cold as it gets!

But of course, that’s nothing. When I was a lad in Yorkshire, the temperature used to be close to absolute zero when we walked to school (uphill both ways).

Monday: Hili dialogue (and squirrel lagniappe)

January 11, 2016 • 5:30 am

I woke up to the sad and surprising news that David Bowie died yesterday. The next post, in an hour, will be a brief obituary. Given that, I don’t have the heart to go over things that happened this day in history. In Dobrzyn, though, life goes on, and Hili is again being duplicitous—though I suppose it’s redundant to use the phrase “duplicitous cat”.)

A: Hili, get down from this table.
I just wanted to say bon appétit.
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In Polish:
Ja: Hili, zejdź z tego stołu!
Hili: Chciałam wam tylko powiedzieć bon appétit.

Here’s a bonus photo of Hili and Cyrus essaying a companionable walk in the snow:

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Finally, Anne-Marie Cournoyer sends a daily squirrel from snowbound Montreal, along with some notes:

We’ve been visited by the rare Abominable Snow Squirrel, a.k.a. as the Nutsquatch. He’s a relative of the famous Yeti. Fits the description: large, hairy, muscular, bipedal when needed, squirrel-like creature, roughly 1 foot tall, covered in hair described as grey, white and brownish. Likes to say: “Go ahead, make my day!”

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Spot the find

January 10, 2016 • 2:15 pm

by Matthew Cobb

One of the people I have ended up following on Tw*tter is Nicola White, who is a mudlark and posts as @TideLineArt. That is, she goes down onto the banks of the Thames, which is tidal, and rummages about for what she can find from past times. Sometimes she tw**ts strange badges, or fragments of pottery, which she asks readers to identify or translate. She reunites messages in a bottle with their senders. You can see her website here and you can buy some of her mudlarked creations on Etsy.

Nicola also regularly posts photos like this one, inviting readers to identify what on earth she has found. As you can see – this is almost as difficult as the spot-the-nightjar pictures we have posted here. She says ‘You’ll have to be sharp to find this one’, which could be a clue. NB It’s not a nightjar. Click twice to embiggen. Post your spots below.

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The Curious Case of Cologne

January 10, 2016 • 12:15 pm

by Grania

By now everyone has heard of the New Year’s Eve attacks in Cologne, although the events of that night are still being investigated and the facts aren’t yet known in great detail. On New Year’s Eve, groups of men appearing to be of mostly Middle Eastern and African origin attacked and harassed women in an apparently coordinated action. There are now, as the Irish Times reports, 379 official criminal complaints, including two rapes. About 40% the cases include sexual offences.

The German newspaper The Local reports that women were even hindered in attempting to reach police:

“We were already informed of the conditions in and around the station as we were arriving at our positions by emotional members of the public with crying and shocked children,” a high-ranking police officer wrote in a document seen by Spiegel Online and tabloid Bild.

“On the square outside were several thousand mostly male people of a migrant background who were firing all kinds of fireworks and throwing bottles into the crowd at random.”

The police vans were themselves the targets of thrown fireworks as they pulled into their parking spaces, and people immediately rushed to the officers to report thefts, violence and sexual assaults against women.

“Even the appearance of police officers on the scene. . . didn’t hold the masses back from their actions,” the report notes.

Women – with or without male companions – were forced to “run a gauntlet. . . beyond description” of drunken men to reach or leave the station.”

In some cases, reaction in the media has been bizarre. Predictably, right-wing outlets have used the event to fuel absurd anti-immigrant screeds, seeing this as all the ammunition they need to attack Germany’s recent welcoming of a million refugees.

Perhaps even more bizarre has been the reaction from certain left-wing outlets and people who have apparently been so confused by cultural relativism that they end up sounding exactly like the rape apologists they normally decry. These comments range from well-intended but inept “advice” from authorities in Germany, such as Cologne’s mayor, Henriette Reker, telling women to keep themselves at a certain distance from men; to various talking heads in both written and video media arguing that this is nothing unusual—rape happens all the time. Click on the image below to watch The Young Turks for an interesting if eyebrow-raising 3 minutes (I couldn’t make it any further in the clip).

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Rape-splaining by The Young Turks: “I’m sure there’s been plenty of assaults in Germany before this”.

It’s perfectly true that this crime spree cannot be seen as a characteristic of immigrants, let alone Muslim immigrants; and right-wingers trying to hijack this for their own goals need to be confronted and combatted. But this pushback will be futile if right-wingers alone discuss the issue, and if the best that the left-wing, pro-feminist side can come up with is an appalling unwillingness to even admit that there is something worth discussing here.

Yes, this is not entirely about immigrants:  it’s not yet clear how many immigrants were actually involved in the group in Cologne. But even if they were all immigrants, it would still not invalidate Germany or Europe’s immigration policies. Nor would it show that the overwhelming majority of immigrants are anything other than ordinary people looking to start a new life in a new country. However, this sort of thing cannot be ignored, nor can it be written off as just another example of the sort of thing that happens all the time to women in Europe. That attitude is clearly imbecilic and betrays the women who were targets of the abuse and violence on New Year’s Eve.

I have read two hearteningly intelligent articles on the subject. The first is from Musa Okwonga, journalist (and himself an immigrant to Europe) in the New Statesman: “How to deal with the New Year’s Eve sexual assaults in Cologne and Hamburg“:

“So, what to do …? Well, it is actually simple. Let’s just keep sticking up for the women. As far as being a black man of African descent goes, the racists in Germany and elsewhere hate us anyway. They thought we were rapists and perverts and other assorted forms of sex attacker the second they set eyes on us. They don’t care about the women who were attacked in Cologne and Hamburg, except to prove the point that we are the animals that they always thought – or hoped – we were.

In return, I don’t care about them. Nor am I too bothered by the people who don’t want to sit next to me on the train. Fear of the unknown is a hard thing to unlearn. I am most concerned, by far, with the safety of the women who may now be more frightened than ever to enter public spaces. I don’t think that women have ever felt particularly comfortable walking through crowds of drunk and aggressive men at night, regardless of the race of those men. But groups of young men of North African and Arab origin, whatever their intentions, will most likely endure more trepidation from women than before.

So here’s what I propose we do. Why don’t we just start with the premise that it is a woman’s fundamental right, wherever she is in the world, to walk the streets and not be groped? And why don’t we see this as a perfect moment for men, regardless of our ethnic backgrounds, to get genuinely angry about the treatment of women in public spaces: to reject with fury the suggestion that we are somehow conditioned by society forever to treat women as objects, condemned by our uncontrollable sexual desires to lunge at them as they walk past?”

The second is a very detailed analysis by Maajid Nawaz who, with his usual refreshing candor and clarity, tackles the underlying problems head-on in The Daily Beast, “Why We Can’t Stay Silent on Germany’s Mass Sex Assaults“:

The fetishization of the female body has not led to a decrease in cases of sexual violence in societies where women cover their entire bodies. If Taliban- and ISIS-held areas are anything to go by, violence against women only increases the more women are asked to conceal and segregate themselves. This would make sense, because accompanying such attitudes is the notion that women are sexual objects to be owned and controlled, and not human beings to be respected and loved. What is infuriating is that for centuries progressives have made these very arguments against white Christian fundamentalists in the West, yet—displaying an incredible cognitive dissonance—those progressives easily abandon that position when confronted with the problem in a minority community. [JAC: here we see, again, the characteristic ambivalence of the Authoritarian Left: a dissonance between sympathy for the oppressed on the one hand and the Enlightenment values apparently violated by the oppressed on the other.]

The case of Cologne tells us that we can no longer afford this Regressive-Left double standard. The only person to blame for rape is the rapist. Employment and education among migrant males will be a more conducive and far more consistent approach than asking European women to change how they dress or when they go out.

Whatever the investigation eventually uncovers about the attacks in Cologne on New Year’s Eve, three things will remain true: it is not the fault of Europe’s trying to help as many refugees as they can; the overwhelming majority of Muslim immigrants to Europe arrived there only to seek a new and better life for themselves and their families; and the mass attacks on women in Cologne that night were not an example of “everyday sexism”.

Weekly readers’ beefs

January 10, 2016 • 11:00 am

Ah, opprobrium has been mercifully scarce lately, although it makes this post a lot less interesting. In fact, there’s been only one thing to show over the past couple of weeks (beyond those comments that have gone straight to spam): an attempted but futile comment by reader “Janye Best” on my post about the acceleration and power of the chameleon’s tongue (spelling is reproduced without correction):

Dude you know so little about biologly in an applicable relevant sense, as opposed to reading this blog for any information I usually ask my 14 year old what’s in her earth science book. Please blog about things that can actually contribute to the advancement of biology. Oh and please, you’re an atheist. Talk about that.

Well, I don’t write about “earth science”; my speciality is evolutionary biologly. And, looking at the chameleon-tongue post, I’m simply unable to find what exercised this reader. Perhaps he (I’m assuming here a male) was simply hyped up from overconsumption of Doritos and Mountain Dew in his parents’ basement.

Damon Linker reviews Hitchens’s new book of essays in the NYT

January 10, 2016 • 9:45 am

Damon Linker, author and senior correspondent at The Week, is also a Catholic, which, it would seem, makes him less than objective as a reviewer of Christopher Hitchens’s new book of essays, And Yet . . . .

Linker has also criticized New Atheists on several occasions, chastising us for not being sufficiently lugubrious (you know the argument: like Camus, we need to be totally devastated at our realization that there’s no God); I’ve discussed Linker’s ridiculous argument on this site.

Nevertheless, except for a blip or two, Linker does a creditable job of assessing Hitchens’s book in today’s New York Times. (He also reviews Roger Scruton’s Fools, Frauds, and Firebrands, but you can read that bit for yourself.) As it happens, I finished Hitchens’s book yesterday. It’s a short book, and I’d read many of the essays before, but I found it a satisfying conclusion to his oeuvre. The selection is eclectic, and not all the pieces are brilliant, but Hitchens’s eloquence, diversity of interests, and enormous erudition made me wish once again that he were still alive. (You can see the table of contents here). What would Hitch have made of the Republican candidates, of the terrorist attacks, of Hillary Clinton? It would have been fantastic to see how he covered the U.S. Presidential election. Linker, it turns out, wonders exactly same thing:

In the four years since Christopher Hitchens’s untimely death at age 62 from complications brought on by esophageal cancer, I’ve often found myself wondering what he would say about this or that event in the news. What I wouldn’t give to read him on Hillary Clinton’s email imbroglio, the rise of ISIS or, best of all, the darkly demotic presidential campaign of Donald Trump.

Indeed.

In general, Linker proffers substantial but qualified praise for the man, as seen in this bit of the review:

Objectivity has nothing to do with it. Hitchens — fair-minded on Hillary? ­Levelheaded on Islamic terrorism? Impartial on a demagogic bully? You’ve got to be kidding. What I miss is this man, with this unique sensibility, these foibles and blind spots, this particular mix of literary and cultural references, moral obsessions and undeniable brilliance as a prose stylist.

“And Yet . . .” is the closest any of us are likely to come to a resurrection of the man. There is, alas, no Trump in this collection of four dozen articles, book reviews and opinion columns, most of them written for The Atlantic, Vanity Fair and Slate during the final seven years of Hitchens’s life. But there is so much else: dazzling, vintage Hitch on Che Guevara, George Orwell (twice), Clive James, Edmund Wilson (who “came as close as anybody has to making the labor of criticism into an art”), Arthur Schlesinger Jr., V.S. Naipaul, Barack (“Cool Cat”) Obama, Rosa Luxemburg, Joan Didion, Charles Dickens and G.K. Chesterton.

I would add to this panoply Hitchens’s essay on Paul Scott’s four novels, The Raj Quartet, which I consider the greatest unrecognized literary work in English since World War II. However, Hitchens did appreciate its greatness (the sequel, Staying On, won a Booker Prize), and I urge readers, if they have time, to absorb all five books. They contain some of the best English writing ever, and the story, about the British departure from India in the Forties, is mesmerizing.

Back to the review. In the first paragraph above, Linker mistakes passionate and considered criticism with prejudice. Hitchens, after all, gives reasons why he didn’t like either of the Clintons, and, for Linker, to be “levelheaded” on Islamic terrorism apparently means some sort of understanding attitude—or even blaming it on Western colonialism. There’s only one levelheaded stand to take on Islamic terrorism: to despise it and combat it, and that’s what Hitchens did. To imply that he was not “objective” is to imply that he didn’t consider other viewpoints, and I reject that. If Hitchens did anything, he read and considered opinions contrary to his. You may not agree with his conclusions, but give him this: his dislike of the Clintons wasn’t simply post facto rationalization of a predetermined stand—the kind of attitude people take toward religion.

Linker offers more criticism:

If Hitchens flourished when he brought his literary sensibility to bear on the kaleidoscopic spectacle of American life, his greatest weakness as a critic and analyst was his tendency at times to take his instinctual hatred of illegitimate authority to absurd lengths. This led him to elevate a seemingly arbitrary list of villains — Henry Kissinger, Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton, Saddam Hussein and God — to the status of History’s Greatest Monsters. Thankfully, these personal moral fixations, and the reckless judgment calls they sometimes inspired, make relatively few appear­ances in this volume. (Yes, I’m talking about his foolish, and never withdrawn, enthusiasm for the disastrous Iraq war, but also the unalloyed, incurious contempt for religion that filled every page of his best-selling “God Is Not Great.”) “And Yet . . .” really does give us Hitchens at his best.

Again, I reject the notion that Hitchens’s hatred was “instinctual” rather than reasoned. Read his books on Kissinger, Mother Teresa, or the Clintons, and see if there is a dearth of reasons for his opprobrium. As for the Iraq war, yes, many of us—including me—think he was mistaken, but it was a reasoned mistake based on his hatred of tyranny and his love of the Kurds. And yet so many people completely dismiss Hitchens simply because of his stand on the Iraq war. What is wrong with us these days that we cannot assess someone’s views one by one, but simply use a single erroneous or disputed opinion to dismiss someone entirely?

Finally, Hitchens’s contempt for religion was not “incurious.” In fact, he apparently knew a lot more about religion than Linker—who repeatedly makes dumb criticisms of atheism—knows about nonbelief. God is Not Great is a reasoned polemic, to be sure, but it’s not incurious.  And, as we’ve seen from Linker’s previous writings, he may not be incurious but he’s sometimes ignorant, as when he claimed that human altruism, because it can’t be explained by science (it can), is evidence for God.

Linker’s favorite piece in the book is “On the limits of self-improvement,” Hitchens’s three essays in Vanity Fair about his “makeover,” involving visits to spas, waxing of his “back, crack, and sack”, exercise, attempts to stop smoking, and dental veneers. It’s a hilarious series, which, fortunately, you can read free online (Part I, Part II, and Part III). And it once again reminded me that besides being a great essayist and polemicist, Hitchens had a fantastic sense of humor. Here’s an excerpt from Part I of the series where he assesses his physical condition:

The fanglike teeth are what is sometimes called “British”: sturdy, if unevenly spaced, and have turned an alarming shade of yellow and brown, attributable perhaps to strong coffee as well as to nicotine, Pinot Noir, and other potations.

Proceeding south and passing over an almost vanished neck that cannot bear the strain of a fastened top button or the constriction of a tie, we come to a thickly furred chest that, together with a layer of flab, allows the subject to face winter conditions with an almost ursine insouciance. The upper part of this chest, however, has slid deplorably down to the mezzanine floor, and it is our opinion that without his extraordinary genital endowment the subject would have a hard time finding the damn thing, let alone glimpsing it from above.

Matters are hardly improved on the lower slopes, which feature a somewhat grotesque combination of plump thighs and skinny shins, the arduous descent culminating in feet which are at once much too short and a good deal too chunky. This combination, of ratlike claws and pachydermatous-size insteps, causes the subject to be very cautious about where, and indeed when, he takes off his shoes. There have been unconfirmed reports of popular protest whenever and wherever he does this. Nor do his hands, at the same time very small and very puffy, give any support to the view that the human species does not have a common ancestor with the less advanced species of ape. The nails on the hands are gnawed, and the nails on the feet are claw-like and beginning to curl in a Howard Hughes fashion (perhaps because the subject displays such a marked reluctance to involve himself in any activity that may involve bending).

Viewed from the front when clothed, the subject resembles a burst horsehair sofa cushion or (in the opinion of one of us) a condom hastily stuffed with an old sock. The side perspective is that of an avocado pear and, on certain mornings, an avocado pear that retains nothing of nutritious value but its tinge of alligator green. . .

I love the sly reference to his “extraordinary genital endowment” and his appearance as a “burst horsehair sofa cushion.” And who but Hitchens could use the phrase “ursine insouciance” to describe his hairy chest?

A photo from the Vanity Fair essay:

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Christopher Hitchens takes an unauthorized smoking break in a “Moor Mud Mask” at the Four Seasons Biltmore Resort, in Santa Barbara. Photographs by Art Streiber.

Ah, Hitch, you died at just the wrong time. He loved his “gaspers” so much (he even smoked in the shower) that they finally did him in—and right before the U.S. and the world went mad. What living journalist can give us the sardonic and uncompromising take he would have had on terrorism, Charlie Hebdo, and the follies of the U.S. political season?