Why Evolution is True is a blog written by Jerry Coyne, centered on evolution and biology but also dealing with diverse topics like politics, culture, and cats.
Yes, it’s Saturday, August 27, and all normal people will be relaxing. In Texas, it’s a state holiday: Lyndon Baines Johnson day, which is “optional” for state employees (I’m not sure what it means). Regardless of what you think about LBJ, you really should read Robert Caro’s four volumes of The Years of Lyndon Johnson. (Caro, now 80, is planning one more volume.) Along with William Manchester’s three-volume biography of Winston Churchill (he died during the writing of the third volume, but the first two are fully his), this is the greatest political biography in existence. You may think LBJ’s life was boring, but Caro, who won a Pulitzer Prize for one of the books, and really should get it for all four, brings it to life with consummate reportorial and literary skills. I just recommended it to a friend, who was dubious, but now is deeply immersed in the Caro books and thankful that he found them.
On this day in 1859, Edwin Drake struck oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and the construction of the world’s first commercially successful oil well was built to collect it. Here it is, and no, that’s not Abe Lincoln standing in front of it.
Notables born on this day include C. S. Forester (1899), Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908; that’s why it’s LBJ Day in Texas), Lester Young (1909), and Barbara Bach (1947, and still married to Ringo Starr). Those who died on this day include Gracie Allen (1964; if Stephen Barnard gets another pair of eagles, he should name them George and Gracie), Margaret Bourke-White (1971), Louis Mountbatten, who presided over both the partition of India and the English leaving it, and who was assassinated by the IRA in 1979, and Haile Selassie (1975).
Here’s one of Margaret Bourke-White’s most famous photos, “The Louisville Flood“, taken during the Great Depression:
Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili is working up to her noms:
Cyrus: I’m tormented by a moderate hunger.
Hili: I’m not. Yet.
In Polish:
Cyrus: Dręczy mnie umiarkowany głód.
Hili: Mnie jeszcze nie.
And in southern Poland, Leon is sniffing out larvae. The monologue is explained by Malgorzata:
My dictionary says that “woodworm” is another name of bark beetle, Ips typographus [JAC: in the U.S. many wood-boring beetle larvae are given the name “woodworm”.] There are always woodworms in wooden structures in Poland. We have plenty in our house. You have to fight with them (we do) and when buying old wooden things you always check for woodworms.
Let’s end the work week with cat videos, since every reader save one (see previous thread) likes cats. There are quite a few videos on YouTube showing cats purporting to play ping-pong, but this one really does. Of course, he’s playing the net and is powerless to deal with corner shots to the left. . .
This one came up right after the one above, and I found it amusing. Happy weekend!
Okay, I’m dead tired and can’t brain, as I’ve had a bit of insomnia since coming back from Poland, so don’t expect gravitas and substance today. What I can do, which someone suggested earlier, is have the equivalent of a reddit “AMA”, or “ask me anything”. So, instead of writing a post or two this afternoon, I’ll have a look at questions that readers ask.
Ask me anything
Except very personal questions, of course. . . .
I can’t guarantee that I can answer every question; I might pick the ones that look intriguing, just like when I did the reddit AMA
You have to have a question, not just a comment
You get one shot, which means one comment, though you can have two or three questions in your comment.
So, I am at your disposal (from time to time between other tasks). I’ll try to answer questions today until I go home and then clean up stuff until about noon Sunday.
As CNN reports, and as I expected, the French Council of State, an administrative court, has overturned the bans on “burkinis”—the full body coverings for beachgoing Muslim women—enacted in 15 French towns. What were these people thinking? Why would a burkini be banned but a full-body covering for a non-Muslim deemed okay if it were worn to prevent sunburn? What about wetsuits for surfers? The reason, of course, is that burkinis are a symptom of religion, and to many French people violate the national policy of laïcité, the absence of religious influence in government.
The French (and now two German schools) have also banned niqabs, or face coverings, as I reported yesterday. (That ban includes burqas, the cloth sack that invariably covers the face as well.) One can make an argument that those bans are more reasonable, as niqabs impede your ability to see another person’s face, essential in many circumstances. And the niquab bans have been upheld by the European Court of Human Rights. However, as opposed to French law, I’d favor banning niqabs in certain situations—schools, banks, government offices, and so on—rather than the existing complete ban of the garment in public. The French also ban the hijab (headscarf) in schools, a move that I favor so long as symbols of other faiths are also banned.
A lot has been made, and rightly so, of this photograph of a burkini-wearing Muslim woman being forced by police to remove her garment in Nice:
That’s a hideous picture from a liberal democracy; it’s simply shameful. As CNN adds:
Authorities in Nice say the officers were simply exercising their duties. Deputy Mayor Christian Estrosi denounced the photos, saying they put the officers in danger.
“I condemn these unacceptable provocations,” he said.
In London, demonstrators created a makeshift beach Thursday outside the French Embassy for a “Wear what you want beach party.”
Jenny Dawkins, a Church of England priest, told CNN she joined the protest after seeing a photo of the incident in Nice.
“I think it’s a frightening image,” she said. “I find it quite chilling to see an image of a woman surrounded by men with guns being told to take her clothes off.”
So the French government did the right thing, and I hope this will start a national conversation about the regulation of religious dress.
But we need that conversation in the U.S., too. That’s because the outrage by liberals against the burkini ban, exacerbated by that photo, misses some other “frightening images”, like these:
Taliban religious police beating a woman in Afghanistan. You can download a short clip of the beating here.
And here’s a video of the religious police in Iran:
Beside Iran and Afghanistan, there are Islamic religious police, enforcing sharia law, in Gaza, Saudi Arabia, and Indonesia. As I’ve said before, it didn’t used to be this way: the forced covering of women, and policing of it (note that “policing” can be done by families and peers as well as state officials!) is largely an innovation of the 1980s, when several Muslim states became theocracies:
Google Image for yourselves using the captions of the pictures above, and you’ll see the point. These women didn’t choose to cover; they were forced to. When regulations weren’t in place, the women were pretty much uncovered.
My point? Yes, the burkini ban is ridiculous and unworthy of a liberal state. The French have rightly overturned it. But those people who are revulsed by the photo from Nice largely ignore the even worse fate that befalls women in Islamic countries who violate their countries’ dress codes. As Maajid Nawaz wrote yesterday, it’s entirely consistent to oppose burkini bans but decry the much greater oppression that befalls Muslim women in Muslim countries:
. . . it is simply an undeniable fact that most Muslim women judged and attacked around the world for how they dress are attacked by other Islamist and fundamentalist Muslims, not by non-Muslims. These are religious fanatics playing the Not Muslim Enough game.
I am a liberal. The headscarf is a choice. Let Muslim women wear bikinis or burkinis. Liberal societies have no business in legally interfering with the dress choices women make. I have consistently opposed the ban on face veils in France, just as I oppose their enforced use in Iran and Saudi Arabia.
Outside of this legal debate, though, and as a reforming secular liberal Muslim, I reserve the right to question my own communities’ cultural traditions and taboos.
As a liberal, I reserve the right to question religious-conservative dogma generally, just as most Western progressives already do with Christianity. Yet with Muslims, Western liberals seem perennially confused between possessing a right to do something, and being right when doing it.
PuffHo, the biggest aggregator of Regressive Leftism, went into a dither about the burkini ban, publishing article after article about it on their virtue-flaunting website. A few screenshots of articles:
But yet you’d be hard pressed to find on anything on PuffHo about the repression of women in Muslim countries. So strong is PuffHo’s coddling of faith that they simply cannot bear to discuss what Islam does to gays, atheists, and women in their theocracies. The first article above, for instance (click screenshot) mentions “the frightening reality of policing women’s bodies,” and yet contains no mention of the much more severe policing in Muslim countries. (Ironically, one of the tweets in that article shows a cartoon of religious policing in a Muslim country, but it goes unremarked.)
Is this a “dear Muslimah” argument I’m making, engaging in “whataboutery”? Maybe it’s easier to change clothing police in our own lands than it is in, say, Saudi Arabia, and that’s true. But the whole issue of Islamic oppression of women will be ignored unless we express the same anger aroused by the photograph in Nice to the greater oppression of Muslim women by other Muslims—and not just in Islamic countries, but in the West as well. The burkini, while it should be legal, is oppressive: a way for men to exercise control over women, seen as temptresses whose hair, or ankles, can drive men to uncontrollable lust. (Burkinis, by the way, would be illegal in Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan.)
So yes, call out the French extremism shown in the photo. A progressive liberalism demands that. But we have only a limited amount of anger and attention at our call, and we (and unthinking “progressives” like HuffPo) need to devote most of that to the true policers of women’s dress: Muslim ideologues. What we need to do is efface women’s feelings that they need to wear the burkini, hijab, niqab, and burqa—in all countries— so they can be “modest Muslims.” And to do that, we need to engage a religious dogma that leads, among other things, to policing of clothing. We can at the same time allow some religious veiling, the symptom of a religious misogyny, but still attack the disease that produces those symptoms.
Reader Kurt Andreas’s Instagram site describes him as “a naturalist in Queens,” (a borough of New York City) as well as an “amateur dolphinologist and beeologist.” He sent some varied photos, and his captions are indented:
Zabulon Skipper (Poanes zabulon) on Lantana sp., male, Glendale, NY (August 3, 2016)
Hoverfly (Toxomerus geminatus; female). Glendale, NY (June 10, 2016):
Leopard slug (Limax maximus). Glendale, NY (August 8, 2016). The hole seen in one of these pictures is the pneumostome, the respiratory opening of the leopard slug.
Tiger Crane Fly (Nephrotoma sp.)New Paltz, NY (May 15, 2013). I’ve noticed that casual observers think crane flies are giant mosquitos, and I try to sing their praise as non-bloodsuckers. Many crane flies do not feed on anything as adults, and the ones that do are pollinators.
The week has gone by quickly, but the text of my children’s book is now in pretty good shape. If it ever sees the light of day, every reader should buy it. Note that August 26, as in every year since 1972, is Women’s Equality Day, the day that the 19th amendment to the Constitution, granting women the right to vote, became law in 1920.
On this day in 1498, Michelangelo got his commission to carve the Pietà, one of the greatest sculptures of all time. I remember seeing it at the World’s Fair in Flushing in 1964; like all viewers, I stood on a conveyer belt that moved past the statue. It now reposes in the Vatican, and I hope to Ceiling Cat they never try to ship it again. Here it is; have you seen it?
According to Giorgio Vasari, shortly after the installation of his Pietà, Michelangelo overheard (or asked visitors about the sculptor) someone remark that it was the work of another sculptor, Cristoforo Solari, whereupon Michelangelo signed the sculpture.Michelangelo carved MICHAELA[N]GELUS BONAROTUS FLORENTIN[US] FACIEBA[T] (Michelangelo Buonarroti, Florentine, was making this) on the sash running across Mary’s chest. The signature echoes one used by the ancient Greek artists, Apelles and Polykleitos. It was the only work he ever signed. Vasari also reports the anecdote that Michelangelo later regretted his outburst of pride and swore never to sign another work of his hands.
And his signature:
Notables born on this day include Antoine Lavoisier (1743); those who died on this day include Frans Hals (1666), Matthew Cobb’s hero Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1723), and Charles Lindbergh (1974). Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili will have to settle for a domestic rather than a wild dinner:
Hili: Let’s go home.
A: Why?
Hili: My dinner flew away, I have to see what’s in the pantry.
In Polish:
Hili: Wracamy do domu.
Ja: Dlaczego?
Hili: Obiad odfrunął, trzeba zobaczyć co jest w spiżarni.
Poor seal! It’s being stalked by nasty and hungry orcas, and these people let it stay in their boat till the murdering whales left. Here’s the YouTube notes:
We were out with the family looking for whales and a pod of 12 trainsiet killer whales where chasing the seal. It ripped towards the boat in a desperate escape and scrambled on the deck. It fell of three times in panic and finally stayed on untill the whales gave up after about 30-45 minutes. Most intense epic experience ever. Love you Nature. What a lucky seal.
As I’ve said before, the “burkini ban” passed (and enforced) by three French towns is ludicrous and counterproductive. It’s no different from wearing a wetsuit, though of course the motivations differ, and that was what the French, in their misguided way, were addressing. But what about other forms of veiling in Islamic women’s dress?
This issue comes up perennially, and surfaced once again with the recent notice that an 18-year-old Muslim student in Germany will not be allowed to wear the niqab (a full-face veil with an eyeslit; see below) in her school. Suing the school, the Sophie Scholl evening gymnasium (curiously, Sophie Scholl is one of my long-time heroes), the student lost. As The Independent noted:
The court in the north-west of the country rejected the teenager’s appeal when she did not appear in person to make her case following huge media attention. She herself was born and grew up in Germany, according to the Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung.
It is one of the first rulings of its kind in Germany to forbid the face veil in classes, in a clash between the country’s principle that each state may decide educational rules, and the principle of religious freedom. Both principles are signed into constitutional law.
The school had argued that it could not ensure the educational development of its student, who was admitted in April this year, when her face was fully covered. Clearly identifying the student was also a problem, it argued.
When the student suggested that a female teacher lift her face veil to identify her, the school said this measure did not solve the overarching problem of effective communication.
A niqab
Another Bavarian school has also banned the niqab, and Germany (with Angela Merkel’s support), is now considering banning the burqa, the full-body garment that invariably includes a niqab on the head.
In 2010, France completely banned the niqab from being worn in public, and in 2014 the European Court of Human Rights upheld that ban. Their ruling was based on this: “The court was therefore able to accept that the barrier raised against others by a veil concealing the face was perceived by the respondent State as breaching the right of others to live in a space of socialisation which made living together easier.”
I support the German rules to ban niqabs (though a German teachers’ union doesn’t), but I wouldn’t go so far as the French. My view is that anyone should be prohibited from covering the face in public when viewing the face is necessary. And that means in schools, in banks, in government offices, in hospitals and doctors’ offices, and perhaps in shops (as a protection against robbery). That, of course, goes along with banning the burqa so long as it covers the face—as it always does. And this isn’t just true for Islam: insofar as anybody conducts public business, they should be prohibited from covering their faces, whether the motivation be religious or not. Revealing the eyes is not sufficient.
I was heartened to learn that Christopher Hitchens agreed, though I don’t know whether he ever wrote about the hijab (headscarf), which in my view shouldn’t be banned, though it’s not a clearcut case. (I always tell the story about the Muslim women at a Turkish school who told me they were in favor of the existing hijab ban because, if it were allowed, social pressure would devolve on them as “bad Muslims” to wear the scarf, too.)
In 2009, Hitchens wrote an editorial in the Daily News decrying covering of the face. I’ve put a bit of this excerpt in bold, as it brings up the relatively un-discussed question of how much of a “choice” veiling one’s body is—even in Western countries where there are no bans. And I’ve put the last sentence in bold, too, because we often forget (as I learned in Turkey) that allowing religious garments removes an element of choice from women subject to social pressure.
Hitchens:
Of course you would have to be crazy to try to rob a bank while wearing a burka, even if you were a heavily armed man: The whole point of the garment is that it weighs you down, restricts your movements and abolishes your peripheral vision. It’s like being condemned to view the world through the slit of a mailbox.
But that observation – if you will excuse the expression – brings us to another and even more powerful objection to this mode of dress. It is quite plainly designed by men for the subjugation of women. One cannot be absolutely sure that no woman has ever donned it voluntarily, but one can certainly say that, in countries where women can choose not to wear it, then not wearing it is the choice they generally make.
This disposes right away of the phony argument that religious attire is worn as a matter of “right.” It is almost exactly the other way around: The imposition of burkas or even head scarfs on women – just like the compulsory growing of beards for men – is the symbol of a denial of rights and the inflicting of a tyrannical code that obliterates personal liberty.
. . . Thus the two questions – of rights and of security – actually merge into one and dictate that we must insist on seeing people’s faces. It’s an elementary aspect of civilized life: If you want to teach my children or be my doctor or even be the clerk on the other side of the counter at my bank, I demand, as my right, to be able to read your facial expression.
In France, the government already says that when you are in school you leave your religious identity behind. Many young Muslim women support this ban because it gives them legal protection against cruel and illegal pressure to wear items of dress that they have not chosen.
It’s important to remember the two points in bold in every discussion of Muslim women’s attire, discussions that are sure to multiply.