Why Evolution is True is a blog written by Jerry Coyne, centered on evolution and biology but also dealing with diverse topics like politics, culture, and cats.
It’s May! It’s May! The lusty Month of May! Yes, it’s May 1: May Day, International Workers Day, and Walpurgis Nacht. But the weather is still dire in Chicago: last night it was chilly and the cold rain, blown by the wind, was coming down sideways. On this day in 1945, Josef Goebbels and his wife Magda killed themselves in the bunker in Berlin, but not before killing their children by forcing cyanide pills into their mouths. On a happier note, in 1956 Jonas Salk’s polio vaccine was made available to the public on this day. And, in 2011, President Obama announced that Osama Bin Laden had been killed by U.S. Special Forces.
On May 1, Joseph Heller was born in 1923, Judy Collins in 1939 (she’s performing this month in NYC), and Rita Coolidge in 1945. Besides the Goebbels family, Spike Jones died on this day in 1965 and Steve Reeves in 2000. Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili is nosing about forlornly in the kitchen, apparently not having found enough rodents in the orchard:
Hili: There is peace in the kitchen when the table is empty.
A: I’ve already had my breakfast.
Hili: And that’s not fair.
In Polish:
Hili: Pokój w kuchni jest kiedy stół jest pusty.
Ja: Ja już jadłem śniadanie.
Hili: I to właśnie jest nieuczciwe.
And in Wroclawek, Leon’s clearly been seeing too many superhero movies:
There’s a new, fractally constructed tree of life—with dates of the nodes—called OneZoom, and you must have a look at it. It was created by Dr. Yan Wong (who helped write The Ancestor’s Tale with Richard Dawkins) and Dr. James Rosindell; Luke Harmon contributed to the original idea. The background and methods are explained on a page you can access by clicking on the magnifying glass at the lower right-hand corner of each searched page, or go here. It’s still a work in progress, and you can help the tree grow by sponsoring a leaf. The project is a charity, so your donations are tax free.
This just went up yesterday, and it’s already so extensive that, I’m told, if you printed the whole thing out it would be seven times larger than the solar system! I can’t vouch for that, but the fractal design is certainly impressive. Click on the screenshot below to get started, and remember these instructions:
Each leaf represents a different species and the branches show how they are related through evolution.
This tree of life is explored like you would a map, just zoom in to your area of interest to reveal further details.
To zoom you can use a touch screen (if you have one) or scroll up (zoom in) and down (zoom out) on your mouse or trackpad.
The search icon (second from the left) gives you an easy way to search or go straight to popular areas of the tree.
The location icon (third from the left) shows you which part of the tree of life you are looking at in the context of all life on earth.
If a leaf is coloured red this means the species it represents is known to be threatened with extinction.
Leaves with a dotted outline represent parts of the tree that are not filled out yet, if you sponsor one of the species in this part of the tree we will expand the tree to include your species.
Here’s one example you can use. Click to stop the zoom, and use your mouse or touchpad to get to clickable icons.
For example, go to the mallard (here) to see the full capabilities of the system.
Milo Yiannopoulos, an editor of the right-wing website Breitbart, is a professional provocateur. He’s a gay man who goes around criticizing not only the student “offense culture,” which is a good thing to do, but also feminism, which is a bad thing to do. He doesn’t distinguish between different brands of feminism, but simply dismisses the whole enterprise as “a cancer,” as he did in a recent speech at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. I disagree with that, and wouldn’t go to see him were he speaking on my campus. But if I did, I’d sit and listen quietly, and then discuss his views either on this site or during the Q&A period.
But Yiannopoulos is also savvy, and has embarked on a tour of American colleges. As his views are a flashpoint—a “trigger”—for authoritarian Leftist (AL) college students, their reaction is predictable. The conservative and sexist elements in his audience applaud him, but they’re drowned out by the noises, hoots, whistles, and demonstrations of the AL students, who repeatedly shout out to interrupt Yiannopoulos and create demonstrations that, in the end, do nothing but reinforce the stereotype of ALs as spoiled brats, increasing the opprobrium of people who might otherwise hear them out.
Here’s an video of Yiannopoulos speaking about “safe spaces” at Rutgers in New Jersey, whereupon a group of ALs shout, whistle, and finally smear themselves with fake blood while having a mass conniption. Who wouldn’t be turned off by such demonstration?
The whole canny psychology of this tour is described by New York Magazine. Its commentary is pretty accurate—save for one thing (I’ve put it in bold):
Here’s how it works: Yiannopoulos goes to a college. He says dumb and offensive trolly things. Students react with outrage and sadness, either during the talk itself or in gatherings afterward. Inevitably, some of them either freak out or burst into tears, because college students are college students. Breitbart and other right-wing outlets then trawl for student-paper coverage, footage of angry students, or both, and then cover these reactions as “proof” that everything Yiannopoulos says about colleges and modern society — something something free-speech SJWs feminazis lesbians — is true.
Here’s the part that’s troublesome: “because college students are college students.” That’s not necessarily true: college students are usually over 18, which means they’re adults. By that time they should have learned to sit quietly and listen to a speaker, and not suppress the speaker’s words through interruptions, demonstrations, and the like. They should have learned some civility. They should have learned that the best way to combat the ideas of such a speaker is by questioning them at question time, writing posts on their website or Facebook, and even demonstrating outside the venue. That is what we did when I was in college—a time of great ferment about civil rights, the Vietnam War, and so on. It’s simply a fact that the civil disobedience and nonviolent protests of the civil rights movement carried over to general student unrest, and most of us would have found it unthinkable to make such a ruckus during an opponent’s speech.
Let me tell you a story. At my graduation in 1971 from William & Mary, most students wanted a left-wing graduation speaker. Instead, the administration, almost to slap us down, chose Thomas Downing, a conservative and undistinguished member of the Virginia Legislature. (The administration was quite conservative then.) Did we go to graduation and shout during his speech? We didn’t even consider that. Those of us who were leftists wore black armbands over our graduation gowns, and some put peace symbols on their mortarboards. As valedictorian, I was called out from the stage to stand up and be recognized. I did, but made the “black power” fist when I stood up. (I’m not necessarily proud of that now, but that’s all I could do, and I got a lot of flack from the College for it.)
I say this not to demonstrate our left-wing credibility, but the fact that, at least among those leftist students I knew, the idea of disrupting such an event was unthinkable. Yes, it did happen sometimes, but it was a rarity. Instead of disrupting, we made a quiet protest, and later had a “counter-commencement” with our chosen speaker being Charles Evers, brother of murdered civil right leader Medgar Evers.
The lesson is this: if you want any respect for your ideas, you can’t act like spoiled brats. Protest in a civil, dignified, but passionate way, and if you must disobey the law, do so like the civil rights protestors did: civilly and without resistance. (This only works in a democracy, of course: civil disobedience of the Jews against the Nazis would have failed miserably.)
Students like the entitled whingers above only discredit their own leftist ideas—and some of those ideas are not only worth hearing, but worth adopting. When New York Magazine says “college students are college students”, it must be referring to the arrogant and self-absorbed Snowflake Students of the past five years. It is, in effect, trying to excuse the students’ behavior on the grounds of their youth.
But it’s not inevitable that students must behave in such a stupid way. I hope they realize that if they really want to spread their ideas, this is not the way to do it. You don’t win a debate like this by refusing to let the other side speak. When you do that, as AL students have been doing repeatedly—and not just in response to Yiannopoulos—they lose in the court of public opinion.
These students, deeply marinated in identity politics and virtue signaling, are playing right into Milo’s hands. They aren’t really trying to change minds, but trying to censor others while demonstrating their own moral purity. Their actions have an effect directly opposite to what they say then want: they let the conservatives, the sexists, and the Trump-ites win.
The Minneapolis Star Tribune describes a program whereby cats scheduled to be euthanized by the Humane Society (remember, they’re not a no-kill organization) tries to find “working cat” jobs for more difficult moggies: feral cats, skittish cats, and so on.
These cats aren’t the instant cuddle buddies most desire. Some recoil at human touch. Some don’t use litter boxes regularly. Some are hissy and cranky. But they’re otherwise healthy and could be a good match for hobby farms, warehouses and other homes and businesses interested in nontoxic, trap-free rodent control.
Plus, many even become sociable in stable settings, lending themselves to the “work” of business mascot and customer magnet, said Anne Lally-Rose, site manager at the Humane Society in Buffalo.
“I’d love to see them in bookstores, in fire stations, police stations, any kind of business,” said Lally-Rose, who helped spearhead the project. “There’s something kind of nifty about having an office cat around.”
. . . Nearly 70 little laborers have been adopted since the working cats began as a pilot project last year, said Lally-Rose. Half were adopted since January, when it was launched in earnest. Just three have been returned.
I believe that every bookstore should have a cat!
Click on the screenshot and go to the one-minute video:
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The Torygraph has a pictoral on 18 favorite British cats, real or fictional (you’ll have to click through the cat photos one by one). Here are a few:
Wartime Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill loved cats. He’s pictured here stopping to greet one in Liverpool Street Station, London, in 1952. Churchill owned many cats during his lifetime and particularly adored his marmalade mouser, Jock…[JAC: be sure to click on the link to read about Churchill’s cats]“A very fine cat indeed,” as writer and lexicographer Dr Samuel Johnson described him, Hodge loved to eat oysters, which his master bought for him. A statue of Hodge stands outside Dr Johnson’s former home at 17 Gough Square, London. It was unveiled by the Lord Mayor of the City of London in 1997 …
Actress Vivien Leigh had several cats, and was a fan of the Siamese breed. She was once quoted as saying: “Once you have kept a Siamese cat you would never have any other kind. They make wonderful pets and are so intelligent they follow you around like little dogs.” She’s pictured with her pet, New Boy.
Today, on Highgate Hill in front of the Whittington Hospital, there is a statue in honour of Whittington’s legendary cat.
The first reader sending me photos of themselves next to both of the London statues shown above gets a free, autographed copy of Faith versus Fact with TWO cats drawn in.
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Finally, an atheist cat shows his contempt for ritual Muslim prayers toward Mecca. Click on the screenshot to see the Facebook video:
That woman should remember the love that Muhammad reportedly showed to his cat Muezza. See also the article “Cats in Islamic culture.”
Today’s Google Doodle celebrates the birthday of Claude Shannon in 1916 (died 2001), called the “father of information theory,” but also the father of digital circuitry, which uses binary zeroes and ones (he’s juggling them above) to design electrical switching circuits. (As the New Yorker notes in a profile, “Claude Shannon, the father of the Information Age, turns 1100100.”) If you click on the Doodle, you’ll go to a list of links about Shannon. As the New Yorker article notes:
First and foremost, he introduced the notion that information could be quantified at all. In “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” his legendary paper from 1948, Shannon proposed that data should be measured in bits—discrete values of zero or one. (He gave credit for the word’s invention to his colleague John Tukey, at what was then Bell Telephone Laboratories, who coined it as a contraction of the phrase “binary digit.”)
“It would be cheesy to compare him to Einstein,” James Gleick, the author of “The Information,” told me, before submitting to temptation. “Einstein looms large, and rightly so. But we’re not living in the relativity age, we’re living in the information age. It’s Shannon whose fingerprints are on every electronic device we own, every computer screen we gaze into, every means of digital communication. He’s one of these people who so transform the world that, after the transformation, the old world is forgotten.” That old world, Gleick said, treated information as “vague and unimportant,” as something to be relegated to “an information desk at the library.” The new world, Shannon’s world, exalted information; information was everywhere. “He created a whole field from scratch, from the brow of Zeus,” David Forney, an electrical engineer and adjunct professor at M.I.T., said. Almost immediately, the bit became a sensation: scientists tried to measure birdsong with bits, and human speech, and nerve impulses. (In 1956, Shannon wrote a disapproving editorial about this phenomenon, called “The Bandwagon.”)
I hadn’t noticed, but a reader let me know, that yesterday Google also had a Doodle marking the birthday of engineer, mathematician, and physicist Hertha Marks Ayrton (1854-1923):
Time Magazine describes her achievements, which includes breaking (or at least butting up against) a scientific ceiling:
Hertha Marks Ayrton became the first woman to present her own work to the U.K.’s Royal Society when she stood in front of the scientific academy in 1904 and read “The Origin and Growth of Ripple Marks.” Until then, scientists were baffled by the creation of ridges in sand when a wave washes over a beach.
To celebrate Ayrton’s scientific discoveries and victories over discrimination, Google has honored the British engineer, mathematician, physicist and inventor with a Doodle, on the 162nd anniversary of her birth. In addition to unlocking the mystery of ripples, Ayrton also became and expert on electric arcs, widely used in lighting at the time.
In 1906, the Royal Society awarded Ayrton with its prestigious Hughes Medal for her contributions to physical sciences. But the academy denied her the honor of becoming a fellow, because she was married. Addressing this kind of gender discrimination in science, Ayrton wrote: “An error that ascribes to a man what was actually the work of a woman has more lives than a cat.”
Speaking of cats, it’s time for our weekly Felid Lineup.
Reader Karen Bartelt sent a big batch of photos, in three parts; I’ll put up part 1 today, featuring two lovely species of woodpeckers. Her notes are indented.
We took a trip to Big Bend National Park [Texas] this February. The park is famous for an abundance of birds, especially during spring and fall migrations. We were unable to book anything for April, the big month, so we settled for an earlier trip, and used the time to acquaint ourselves with the native birds. Being from the midwest, we saw lots of birds for the first time.
Since I have so much trouble attaching multiple files to my email, I’m going to send three separate emails with a total of 19 or 20 photos.
In this first email, I’ll concentrate on the woodpeckers. The first photo is of a female ladder-backed woodpecker,Picoides scalaris. I got the genus name from the U of Michigan’s Animal Diversity Web. I’ve seen at least two other genus names for this bird. Downy and hairy woodpeckers are both Picoides.
The next five are a series of photos of a male golden-fronted woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons. Other Melanerpes in the US includes the red-bellied and the red-headed woodpeckers.
This bird was relentless in digging out large caterpillars from cottonwood bark. He grabbed one and then smashed it against the tree, much like one would stun a fish. Then he sucked it dry. In one photo, he is sticking out his tongue.
The tongue!
As lagniappe, here’s one of Stephen Barnard’s more striking photos: a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) on nest. He added, “The ‘ears’ (they aren’t really ears) are scraggly because it was raining” and “By the way, this nest is extremely well hidden in the aspens. The only reason I know it’s there is because I spotted it before the trees leafed out. There’s only one place where you can get a clear view, and getting there involves picking your way through a massive, tangled deadfall.”
When I asked if we’d get pictures of owlets, Stephen responded, “I hope so. Here’s a photo of some GHOwlets I took last year on May 25 at a different and more accessible location.” I don’t remember posting this one, but if I did, have a look again:
It’s Saturday, April 30, and in Chicago it’ll be cool with a 99% chance of precipitation by this afternoon (how do they get that figure?). On this day in 1789, George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the United States, On April 30, 1945, Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin as Russian troops approached. Mimi Fariña, the sister of Joan Baez and a radical activist, was born on this day in 1945 (she died in 2001), on the same day as writer Annie Dillard (still with us). Édouard Manet died on this day in 1883, and, ironically, in 1966 writer Richard Faiña (Mimi’s husband) was killed in a motorcycle accident at age 29. In 1983, both Muddy Waters and George Balanchine died on April 30.
Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili performs an uncharacteristic act of charity, bringing flowers to Andrzej:
Hili: Is it your birthday today?
A: No, why do you ask?
Hili: Because I have a present for you.
In Polish:
Hili: Masz dziś urodziny?
Ja: Nie, dlaczego pytasz?
Hili: Bo mam dla ciebie prezent.
And we have a special bonus today. The cherry trees are at last in full bloom in the orchard, and at least one reader asked for a photo of Hili among the flowers. Here are two!
Isn’t she lovely?
As another treat, reader Dennis D. sends a photo of Willet Babcock, a Civil War veteran who later ran a furniture store in Paris, Texas. He’s buried in the local Evergeen Cemetery, and, before he died in 1881, Babcock ordered a local stonecutter to produce a special gravestone memorial: Jesus (or an angel) wearing cowboy boots!:
Along with some typical memorial elements – carved wreaths, a cross, an angelic figure in robes – Babcock gave his final presentation to the world a little Texas twang. The Jesus like figure is sporting cowboy boots.
There is debate about whether it really is Jesus. Some say the face is too feminine (there is no beard) and he (she?) appears to be leaning on the cross rather than carrying it. But whoever the angel in robes was intended to represent, the memorial has long since been dubbed “Jesus in Cowboy Boots”.
Yep, them’s cowboy boots!
This is a gross act of Christian cultural appropriation, for Jesus is clearly “punching down” here.