Why Evolution is True is a blog written by Jerry Coyne, centered on evolution and biology but also dealing with diverse topics like politics, culture, and cats.
When you finish reading this post, you’ll be sorry you didn’t have pie for breakfast, for pie is one of the world’s best breakfasts. This will replace today’s Reader’s Wildlife Photo post.
Yesterday, as I do every year when I’m in town, I went to the South Side Pie Challenge: a contest in which bakers young and old enter their best pies, with proceeds (and the pies!) going to feed the hungry on Chicago’s South Side. First there are a few hours in which judges sample all the pies (what a great job!), and then the public is admitted at 2 p.m. to buy slices. There are dozens and dozens of them: fruit pies, nut pies, cream pies, pumpkin and sweet potato pies, and so on. For $10 you can buy four pieces of pie (or $3 each, but who can limit themselves to a single slice?), so I laid down my sawbuck and went to town.
First I scouted the pies to determine which four I was going to purchase. It was tough! Here are some entries (please excuse the fuzziness; I was hand-holding my camera under ambient light for most of these, with a shutter speed of 1/8 second).
The scene, with pies arranged by type (fruit pies in foreground, nut pies to left, cream pies at rear, and so on):
Pecan caramel pumpkin pie:
“The Panda” (I don’t know what was in it):
“Sweetie pie” (looks like a mixture of nuts, caramel, and apples):
Chocolate-painted bottom coconut pie:
Chocolate ganache peanut butter pie (the removed slice was MINE):
“Key” Lime pie (made with Persian limes): I had a piece of this, too, and it was spectacular:
Mixed berry pie:
Pecan pie:
Backdoor sweet potato pie (don’t ask), with dragons:
And an American classic: apple pie, this one called “Ratchford apple pie”
And the grand prize winner as well as sectional prize winner in fruit pies: Senior Lecturer in Biology Chris Andrews, who used to help teach our Ecology & Evolution course. I’m so pleased she won the overall prize with her cranberry pie, and I’m sad I didn’t try it. But I’ve asked her to reserve an entire pie for me next year!
My four pieces: chocolate peanut butter pie, chocolate pecan pie, “Key” lime pie, and banana cream pie (I eschewed fruit pies this year):
Good morning, and top of the week to you on this Monday, November 6, 2017. It’s National Nachos Day, and Foodimentary gives five fun facts about nachos, though I’m dubious about the first. Did someone take a survey? First, in case you reside in Ulan Bator and don’t know what nachos are, they are these (what I show are “fully loaded” nachos with avocado and meat):
Five Fun Nacho “Facts”:
Nachos are considered the most craved food by pregnant women.
The word “Nacho” is actually used as a surname in Argentina and other Latin American countries.
Invented in 1943 by Ignacio “Nacho” Anaya.
Nachos as we know them aren’t ‘Mexican’ food, they’re Tex-Mex.
The first known appearance of the word “nachos” in English dates to 1949, from the book A Taste of Texa
If you are or have ever been pregnant, please weigh in here. I was curious, of course, about Ignacio “Nacho” Anaya, but according to Wikipedia, this story seems kosher (though the nachos above aren’t):
Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas. In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day. The maître d’hôtel, Ignacio “Nacho” Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese. Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.
When asked what the dish was called, he answered, “Nacho’s especiales“. As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho’s “specials” became “special nachos”.
Lots of Presidential elections took place on this day, as it’s early November. In 1860 Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the U.S., in 1928 Herbert Hoover became the 31st President, in 1956 Dwight Eisenhower was reelected, as were Ronald Reagan in 1984 and Barack Obama in 2012. Oh, and on this day in 1861, Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederate States of America, but we won’t go into that. On this day in 1869, the first official intercollegiate football game was played in the U.S., with Rutgers defeating Princeton by a score of 6-4 in New Jersey (Princeton was then called “The College of New Jersey”).
Notables born on this day include the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1494), Adolphe Sax, investor of the Saxophone (1814; can you imagine what the instrument would be called had his name been “Katzenellenbogen” [“cat elbows”; a real name in Europe]), John Philip Sousa (1854), Edsel Ford (1893), Sally Field (1946) and Glenn Frey (1948; died last year).
It was also a sparse day for deaths; those who fell asleep on November 6 include Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1893) and David Brower (2000).
Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili is humblebragging. When I told Malgorzata, “Hili is very arrogant today!”, she replied “Oh no! She is her usual humble Queen of Everything.”
Hili: I’m boundlessly proud.
A: What of?
Hili: Of my immeasurable humility.
In Polish:
Hili: Jestem bezgranicznie dumna.
Ja: Z czego?
Hili: Z mojej niezmierzonej pokory.
Near Dobrzyn, Leon and his staff are delighted to announce that they’ve finally found a contractor who says that, next spring, he will pour the foundations for their wooden home, currently still reposing in Southern Poland. Then they can erect the house on the new site and move from their flat in Wloclawek to a lovely country spot close to Andrzej and Malgorzata:
Leon: And my home will be where the molehill is.
Matthew found this tw**t put up by the BBC archives: a farmer who sang to his pigs:
From CNN; click on the screenshot to go to the story.
The shooter has been killed (or committed suicide), and there’s no more information at this time.
This seems to happen weekly now, but we can’t let ourselves become inured to the misery of dozens of grieving and uncomprehending families, friends, and lovers. People will certainly say “we must carry on as usual”, but surely there are things we can do besides “carrying on.”
About a week ago I described—and showed with a video—the disruption of Reed College’s required Humanities 101 class by Offended Students saying that the class perpetuates racism and white supremacy. Many of the students apparently belong to a group called “Reedies Against Racism”(RAR), and are determined to shut the class down until they can fix the supposedly bigoted curriculum. (It actually includes literature from the Mediterranean and Middle East, which, last time I checked, were considered to be areas populated by “people of color”.)
Now, however, a piece in the Atlantic, called “The surprising revolt at the most liberal college in the country,” gives examples of how those Reedies determined to actually get an education—instead of foisting their ideology on everyone else—are striking back, and the RAR group seems to be waning. First, a brief description of the fracas:
A required year-long course for freshmen, Hum 110 consists of lectures that everyone attends and small break-out classes “where students learn how to discuss, debate, and defend their readings.” It’s the heart of the academic experience at Reed, which ranks second for future Ph.D.s in the humanities and fourth in all subjects. (Reed famously shuns the U.S. News & World Report, as explained in a 2005 Atlantic article by a former Reed president.) As Professor Peter Steinberger details in a 2011 piece for Reed magazine, “What Hum 110 Is All About,” the course is intended to train students whose “primary goal” is “to engage in original, open-ended, critical inquiry.”
But for RAR, Hum 110 is all about oppression. “We believe that the first lesson that freshmen should learn about Hum 110 is that it perpetuates white supremacy—by centering ‘whiteness’ as the only required class at Reed,” according to a RAR statement delivered to all new freshmen. The texts that make up the Hum 110 syllabus—from the ancient Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Egypt regions—are “Eurocentric,” “Caucasoid,” and thus “oppressive,” RAR leaders have stated. Hum 110 “feels like a cruel test for students of color,” one leader remarked on public radio. “It traumatized my peers.”
This notion that such classes actually traumatize people is ludicrous, and should be rejected. It is faux outrage. “Trauma” is the new word for “offend”. But I digress:
Beginning on boycott day, RAR protested every single Hum lecture that school year. In-class protests are very rare on college campuses. During the nationwide upsurge of student activism tracing back to 2015, protesters have occupied administrativebuildings, stormed into libraries, shut down visiting speakers in auditoriums, and walked out of classrooms—but they hardly ever disrupt the classroom itself. RAR has done so more than 60 times.
A Hum protest is visually striking: Up to several dozen RAR supporters position themselves alongside the professor and quietly hold signs reading “We demand space for students of color,” “We cannot be erased,” “Fuck Hum 110,” “Stop silencing black and brown voices; the rest of society is already standing on their necks,” and so on. The signs are often accompanied by photos of black Americans killed by police.
As I’ve said before, students have every right to give professors their input into a curriculum, but I don’t agree that they have the right to either demand changes in the curriculum, decide what those changes should be, or disrupt classes that don’t fit their ideological bent.
In the article, author Chris Bodenner interviewed a fair number of students (many of whom wanted to remain anonymous, which says something right there), and found that there is considerable pushback against the tactics of RAR. Despite being bullied on Facebook and elsewhere for ideological impurities, and even doxed, these students simply want to get the education they’ve paid for. And many of the students who are pushing back aren’t white:
This school year, students are ditching anonymity and standing up to RAR in public—and almost all of them are freshmen of color. The turning point was the derailment of the Hum lecture on August 28, the first day of classes. As the Humanities 110 program chair, Elizabeth Drumm, introduced a panel presentation, three RAR leaders took to the stage and ignored her objections. Drumm canceled the lecture—a first since the boycott. Using a panelist’s microphone, a leader told the freshmen, “[Our] work is just as important as the work of the faculty, so we were going to introduce ourselves as well.”
The pushback from freshmen first came over Facebook. “To interrupt a lecture in a classroom setting is in serious violation of academic freedom and is just unthoughtful and wrong,” wrote a student from China named Sicheng, who distributed a letter of dissent against RAR. Another student, Isabel, ridiculed the group for its “unsolicited emotional theater.”
Two days later, a video circulated showing freshmen in the lecture hall admonishing protesters. When a few professors get into a heated exchange with RAR leaders, an African American freshman in the front row stands up and raises his arms: “This is a classroom! This is not the place! Right now we are trying to learn! We’re the freshman students!” The room erupts with applause.
Here’s that video, which also shows the nature of the protests in Humanities 101:
I’ll give one more excerpt, and then wish the counter-protestors well. The Reed faculty seems eager to find some kind of accommodation with the protestors so they can get on with their teaching, but students like the ones above aren’t eager to compromise: it’s their way or the highway. Reed is a very good school, and it’s heartening that the students are aware of what’s happening in society at large. They can protest all they want, but outside class, and if they continue disrupting courses like Humanities 101, Reed will be remiss if it doesn’t discipline the disruptors. They will also lose applicants.
“The movement cannot continue to manufacture an enemy that has agreed to review the syllabus [and] bended over backwards on all accounts to accommodate the free speech of the protesters,” wrote Misha, another freshman, in the first op-ed critical of RAR published in the school paper. Yet the more accommodation that’s been made, the more disruptive the protests have become—and the more heightened the rhetoric. “Black lives matter” was the common chant at last year’s boycott. This year’s? “No cops, no KKK, no racist U.S.A.” RAR increasingly claims those cops will be unleashed on them—or, in their words, Hum professors are “entertaining threatening violence on our bodies.”
For the anniversary, RAR arranged an open mic for students of color. Rollo, a freshman from Houston, described how difficult it was to grow up poor, black, and gay in Texas. He then turned to RAR: “No, I won’t subject myself to your politically correct ideas. No, I won’t allow myself to be a part of your cause.” He criticized the “demagoguery” that “prevents any comprehensive conversation about race outside of ‘racism is bad.’”
Rollo later told me that RAR “had a beautiful opportunity to address police violence” but squandered it with extreme rhetoric. “Identity politics is divisive,” he insisted. As far as Hum 110, “I like to do my own interpreting,” and he resents RAR “playing the race card on ancient Egyptian culture.”
Over at the lecture hall, RAR covered the door with photos of police victims so that anyone entering would have to rip them. Shortly into Ann Delehanty’s lecture on TheIliad, a RAR “noise parade” shut it down—the third class canceled that month, after Kambiz Ghanea Bassiri refused to teach the Epic of Gilgamesh in front of signs tying him to white supremacy. Where Delehanty had just stood, a RAR leader read a statement about how Reed is complicit in “modern-day slavery” because its operating bank, Wells Fargo, has ties to private prisons.
But her words faltered as she watched the freshmen walk out. “The thing that heartens me,” said Pax, “is that most of the student body followed the professor into another classroom, where she continued the lecture.”
I usually throw creationist comments into the trash, but for some reason I put up this one, by Alex (you can see it here), for reasons I can’t quite fathom. But if you want, go ahead and reply below (I’ve already asked him—assuming he’s male—to provide evidence for god and for the truth of his religion over, say, Islam and Hindisum, and urged him as well to read WEIT). Alex’s comment appears after yesterday’s post, “Does the nature of the universe show that there’s no God?” (I should have said “. . . makes the existence of God less likely?”) Anyway. heeeere’s Alex:
This article is trying to explain the existence of God from the nature of the material world, and therefore the premise is absurd. Everybody knows that the material world is constrained by space and time. God is not. St Augustine said: “we must not try to imagine a God who exists somewhere and sometime in what we believe to be reality. The reality which God possesses, which is inherent in his being, does not require time to exist.”
What is extremely unlikely is that the universe is the result of random evolution that out of luck brought a world full of structure and consistency (which almost sounds like a fairy tale).
Alex isn’t banned, just moderated, so if you respond below he may get a chance to show off his knowledge of God (and his ignorance of evolution) in further comments. I’ll let him know about this post.
My own comments are only two. First, Alex appears to have missed the point of the piece, which was not that God is constrained by space and time, but that the nature of the Universe doesn’t seem to comport with the God of the Bible, a god concerned with humanity. After all, the material universe, for believers, is a product of God, presumably reflecting his concerns.
Second, Alex apparently knows nothing about evolution, but appears to think it’s a “fairy tale”. For one thing, evolution by natural selection isn’t completely “random”. I recommended that he read WEIT, but of course the chance that will change his mind about evolution, given that he’s a believer, is roughly 0.0000000073.
I’m busy much of today, but have a few contributions from others to show.
I thought I had posted on the discovery of gravity waves from the LIGO Project when it happened, but I can’t seem to find the post. (I did mention the award of this year’s Nobel Prize in physics to its discoverers.) At any rate, you can read about that discovery, which detected the almost-undetectable but predicted waves coming from the collision of two black holes, at the website of Official Website Physicist™ Sean Carroll. The detection of those waves, and the apparatus required to do it, is to my mind one of the great intellectual achievements of our species.
This came to mind when I got an email yesterday from reader Tim Anderson, who regularly sends us photos of animals and stars. Here’s what he said (the emphasis is mine):
I don’t know if you read the story about the detection of the radiation from the collapse of two neutron stars. Seventy observatories around the world collected data from all wavelengths between gamma and infrared after LIGO observed the gravitational waves coming out of the event. We can see the event happening in real time.
But here is the most astonishing measurement. LIGO measures gravitational waves via a metric called “peak strain”. Imagine an object that is one metre long and that is aligned along the wave path from the neutron star-pair collapse. The “peak strain” measures how much spacetime distorts the object from end to end as the wave passes through.
LIGO measured the peak strain to be 1 X 10 ^ – 22 m. That is less than one quarter of the diameter of a proton. And we measured it!
And here is another astonishing thing. The lead paper covering the discovery has 4500 listed authors (approximately one-third of the professional astrophysicists on our planet). They are listed in alphabetical order, so this paper will be forever known as Abbott et al.
Wikipedia has a nice article about the LIGO project, which has now detected gravity waves five times, and using two independent stations 1865 miles apart:
Each detector has two arms, each 4 km long. Here’s a photo of the one at Hanford, and you can read more about this apparatus and the experiment at the LIGO site.
The paper, which does indeed have 4500 authors, can be seen here (pdf here), and if you want the full list of names, click on this icon after the title:
Here’s just part of it. It’s so long that there’s even a Coyne in the list (no relation):