Spot the gorilla!

February 13, 2018 • 9:20 am

While I write a new post, here’s some fun. Reader Roger sent a photo of his cat with a “spot the. . .” quiz and a note. I think this would be classified as “dead easy”:

For a bit of weekday morning fun, Aeryn invites you to play “Spot the gorilla.”

A bit more about Gorilla Cat: “Aeryn’s the 14-year old who was born in one of my window wells.”

“Evidence” for a flat Earth (round Earth illusion created by Satan)

February 13, 2018 • 8:00 am

Yes, there are still some severely deluded souls who think the Earth is flat. I got a long screed from one of them, a “John P.”,  in my email this morning. The second half of the email, which I’ll omit, gives equally compelling evidence for God. I’ve reproduced the words exactly as I received them. My favorite bit is the part where you can see Corsica (from your house?) He didn’t explain why the theory of evolution is a “blatant lie.”

Dear Mr Coyne,

Our education is flawed.

I’ve discovered evidence that the theory of evolution is a blatant lie and that the “big bang”, “space”, spinning “globe” theory is a blatant lie.

Firstly here is “flat” earth evidence I’ve discovered. The curve is supposed to be 66 feet over 10miles but is apparent nowhere and we can see beyond that distance. Corsica can be seen from 137 miles away. The suez canal is 100 miles long and has no locks. The Sahara Desert, the Tibetan Plateau and the West Siberian Plains are flat. The equator could not be the warmest part of the earth on a “tilted globe”.

All stars revolve around Polaris, the North/Pole Star. If we were on a ball circling the sun we should see new stars every day for a year as a lighthouse illuminates the sky surrounding it. The cycle should repeat every year. At any one time the majority of space should be invisible due to the sun’s light. Instead we see the same stars from somewhere on earth throughout the year. We can see Mercury and Venus at night which are between the earth and the sun. This is impossible with heliocentricity. In reality we have a celestial dome covering the earth through which the sun circulates.

Tides are not uniform and do not affect lakes. Tides and the seasons are central to feeding and reproduction. Pilots and engineers do not account for the curve. Pilot training manuals are based on a flat earth.

Gyroscopes show the earth is still. The cycle of the moon bears no correlation to that of the sun. It’s logical that surface water cannot curve as we are told is the case over vast oceans. We know water reacts physically to movement yet we see no evidence of movement in the water that surrounds us. Ships that disappear over the horizon come back into view with telescopes. There is no 24hour sunlight in the south pole. Antarctica is 30degrees colder than the arctic. It is the coldest place on earth with a low of -90 degrees. 70% of the earth’s fresh water is in Antarctica.

The Abyssal plains at the floors of the oceans are flat and have no sediment.

In 1946 US Admiral Byrd went with 4700 troops in OPERATION HIGH JUMP. Planes smashed into invisible “barriers” and it got closed off to the public.

In 1875 hms Challenger “circumnavigated” the Antarctic. It took 69,000miles. The circumference of God’s earth is 52,800miles. They would have gone 5 times round the fake Antarctica. Many sailors died because they were assuming the globe model and in fact the Longitude’s are longer in the southern hemisphere so thinking they had travelled round land they ended up hitting it! The Arctic circle is 66.6 degrees north. The Antarctic Circle is 66.6 degrees south. It has circular coastline, there’s a Deception Island, Elephant Island and Enderby Land. Weddell Sea, Ellsworth mountains. It was explored in 1911 and Amundsen reached the “centre” in 1911. How did they even know where the centre was. It has places called Titan Dome, Law Dome, Dome Charlie and Dome Argus.

The US Thule base in Greenland is used to detect inter ballistic missiles. I thought that’s what satellites did!

There is plenty of evidence on youtube showing the moon landings were fake. The same background is used repeatedly. The shadows are inconsistent. How do you take photos with an antiquated camera and a space suite on. Why was there no dust on the “spaceship”. How does a rocket work in a vacuum. How can you effect direction in a vacuum. Scientists say the Van Allen Belt above the earth is impenetrable. See Edward Hendrie(2016), Rob Skiba, Bradon Edge and Casper Stith(2017) for more flat earth evidence.

Our bodies and that of animals and creatures are designed to detect movement yet we are told we cannot detect the earth moving at 66,600mph. These are lies.

UPDATE: I forgot to add this bit. implicating the Hornéd One:

As to who would and could create the lie? One obvious answer is satan to conceal God! We are therefore talking about the spirit realm and we do not know how profoundly the spirit realm can impact our world. The indignation and ferocity with which many attack this concept shows they’re afraid of this evidence becoming mainstream. My research shows this is central to the battle between God and satan which is a spiritual battle. 

It sounds ludicrous and personally it has spiritual significance but it should concern everyone because it exposes the reality that our establishment can and does control the evidence which is promulgated. Science and education promulgate only the evidence that fits an agenda. Flat earth is by no means the only realm of suppression of evidence.

And so it goes. If you have the spoons, feel free to refute any of these “arguments”. I’ll give just one:

 

Tuesday: Hili dialogue (and Leon monologue)

February 13, 2018 • 6:30 am

The snow has abated here, at least for a while, and while it’s clear on this Fat Tuesday, February 13, 2018, it’s still cold: 11° F (-12° C). It’s also National Italian Food Day, and World Radio Day, celebrating the powers of wireless (not computers!) Remember that tomorrow is Valentine’s Day, and if you haven’t got swag for your significant other, get on the stick!

Posting may be light today as I have stuff to do. Like Maru, I do my best.

On February 13, 1542, yet another one of Henry VIII’s wives was executed, in this case Catherine Howard (wife #5). She was beheaded for “adultery” at only 21.  On this day in 1633, Galileo arrived in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. He was found guilty of heresy, forced to recant, and spent the last nine years of his life under house arrest. (Of course, as all accommodationists tell us, this had nothing to do with religion.)  In 1689, William and Mary were designated as co-rulers of England (have there been co-rulers since?), and gave their names to my beloved alma mater. On this day in 1935, Bruno Hauptmann was found guilty of the kidnapping of the “Lindbergh baby” (Charles’s Lindbergh’s son) two years before. It’s not clear that he was guilty, but he was electrocuted. On this day in 1955, Israel obtained four of the seven Dead Sea scrolls.  In 1961, a supposedly 500,000-year-old rock or concretion was found near Olancha, California, containing a modern spark plug. This “Coso artifact” was of course touted by creationists, but has since had a more prosaic explanation.  On this day in 1990, an agreement was made for the reunification of Germany.  Finally, exactly one year ago today, Kim Jong-nam was murdered in Kuala Lumpur International Airport, almost surely by the agents of his half-brother, DPRK leader Kim Jong-un.

Notables born on this day include Thomas Robert Malthus (1766), Lord Randolph Churchill (1849; Winston’s dad), Grant Wood (1891), William Shockley (1910), Chuck Yeager (1923; still with us at 95), Elaine Pagels (1943), Jerry Springer (1944), Marian Stamp Dawkins (1945), and Mena Suvari (1979). Those who died on February 13 include Catherine Howard (1542; see above), Benvenuto Cellini (1571), Cotton Mather (1728), Richard Wagner (1883), Waylon Jennings (2002), and, two years ago, Antonin Scalia.

Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili is pining for Spring:

Hili: All this will be green again.
A: We have to wait a bit more.
Hili: I will sleep through part of this waiting.
In Polish:
Hili: To wszystko będzie znowu zielone.
Ja: Jeszcze trochę musimy poczekać.
Hili: Część tego czekania prześpię.

In nearby Wloclawek, Leon finally got his cat treats sent by Hiroko (Leon’s staff at last visited Andrzej and Malgorzata). Leon loved them!

Leon: Do you still insist that I’m a poor eater? Hiroko Kubota and Jerry Coyne know what I like BEST!
And up in Winnipeg, the difficult task continues of making a photographic thermometer based on Gus’s nose color. It gets pinker when it’s cold, and my theory (which is mine) is that one could determine the outside temperature by making a color scale of Gus’s nose and matching it to the scale when he comes inside. His staff Taskin, long hectored by me to do this, reports:

Gus went out this morning, I was very surprised because it is quite cold, -25C. I took outside and inside pictures but I’m not sure if the difference in pinkness is really apparent. He doesn’t sit still for such photos…

Outside:

Inside:

A pun tweet found by Grania:

From Matthew: Earthworms mating. He noted that

“There are no indigenous Canadian earthworms. Think glaciers. 15,000 years ago it was all ice and rock. How long does it take worms to migrate from the unglaciated south? So how does indigenous soil ecology work? Very good question. No one really knows – I’ve asked soil experts. Worms you get in Canada are Brit imports in general.”

These, I suppose, are official symbols of the Olympics, reinterpreted for the ignorant:

An “infernal cat machine” (watch the video):

Watch this lovely video about a sickly kitten rescued by a husky. Now they’re BFFs:

Matthew called this one “Rhino in the snow,” which reminds me of the Doors song “Riders on the Storm”:

And this one from Official Website Physicist™ Sean Carroll, who retweeted it with the caption, “This seems like magic, but it’s just Fourier transforms (expressing a function as a sum of periodic functions). Which are a kind of magic, I admit.”

 

Evolutionists at work

February 12, 2018 • 2:00 pm

There are lots of evolutionists posting on the #Istudyevolution Twitter site. Here’s some pictures of evolutionists I know—friends and colleagues I speak to:

Neil is in the next building:

Everyone calls her “Sally”, she’s multifarious and fiercely smart:

Graham took my graduate speciation course, and now he’s a fancy-shmancy professor and a big contributer to the study of human migration via genetics:

Mohamed: my second student and now a professor at Duke and former chair of biology

And Daniel was a “grandstudent”—a student of Mohamed who also studies speciation:

Hopi’s a Harvard professor, but we wrote two papers together before she moved to Cambridge from San Diego:

Leonie studies speciation in plants, and was here for CoyneFest:

Jon Losos, who I saw a few weeks ago. He’s just left Harvard to run an institute in St. Louis:

I don’t really know Sally, but we’ve featured her on this site twice (here and here), and I like to see young people studying flies!

I know Jake because he married my former technician, Susannah:

And I added one too, from a while back when we collected flies in the mist forest of São Tomé. Of course I misspelled “hybrid zone”!

With all those enthusiastic people turning out great work, I have no worries about the future of the field. (Well, except for those who try to claim it’s woefully deficient because epigenetics!)

Pinker’s new book out tomorrow, previewed in the Guardian and the WSJ

February 12, 2018 • 11:45 am

Yes, tomorrow is the release of Steve Pinker’s new book , Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason Science, Humanism, and Progress, which is already at #48 on Amazon. I gave a preview of it here, noting that Bill Gates called it “my new favorite book of all time,” replacing Steve’s earlier book, The Better Angels of our Nature. Gates had read a prepublication copy, and his encomium surely boosted sales. But this book is destined to be a best seller, and I’m glad.

I’m glad because it promotes humanism, science, rationality, and progress, and claims that faith and dogma (i.e., religion) don’t promote social progress. You can see this in two precis of the book that Steve has written for the Guardian and for the Wall Street Journal. (The former is free; the latter is behind a paywall but judicious inquiry might yield a pdf). I now have a prepublication copy too (Steve and I have the same editor at Viking/Penguin/Random House), and I’ve just skimmed it quickly. It appears from the two articles, and from what I’ve skimmed, that this is the logical successor to Better Angels. While the earlier book documented that, in fact, most indices of social well being (violence, child mortality, longevity, health, accidents, and so on) have improved over the last few hundred years, Enlightenment Now delves into the reasons for that improvement. And the reasons are the implementation of Enlightenment values.

I’ll give a few excepts from the Guardian piece, “Reason is non-negotiable” to show the book’s tenor (my emphasis):

What is enlightenment? In a 1784 essay with that question as its title, Immanuel Kant answered that it consists of “humankind’s emergence from its self-incurred immaturity”, its “lazy and cowardly” submission to the “dogmas and formulas” of religious or political authority. Enlightenment’s motto, he proclaimed, is: “Dare to understand!” and its foundational demand is freedom of thought and speech.

What is the Enlightenment? There is no official answer, because the era named by Kant’s essay was never demarcated by opening and closing ceremonies like the Olympics, nor are its tenets stipulated in an oath or creed. The Enlightenment is conventionally placed in the last two thirds of the 18th century, though it flowed out of the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Reason in the 17th century and spilled into the heyday of classical liberalism of the first half of the 19th. Provoked by challenges to conventional wisdom from science and exploration, mindful of the bloodshed of recent wars of religion, and abetted by the easy movement of ideas and people, the thinkers of the Enlightenment sought a new understanding of the human condition. The era was a cornucopia of ideas, some of them contradictory, but four themes tie them together: reason, science, humanism and progress.

. . . If there’s anything the Enlightenment thinkers had in common, it was an insistence that we energetically apply the standard of reason to understanding our world, and not fall back on generators of delusion like faith, dogma, revelation, authority, charisma, mysticism, divination, visions, gut feelings or the hermeneutic parsing of sacred texts.

Steve’s atheism, while omnipresent, is never the overriding theme of his work, though it’s an important explanation of what holds back the implementation of Enlightenment values.  He then goes on to show how reason, science, and humanism have produced progress, promoting a salubrious morality, economic advance, peace, empathy and “niceness”. (The Wall Street Journal piece, called “The Enlightenment is Working“, is more a documentation of this progress using statistics.

 

I’ll be reading this after I finish Adam Rutherford’s book on human genetics. If you read Better Angels and liked it, then you’ll have to read its sequel. If you haven’t read Better Angels, get both books and read them. That’s a lot of pages, but it’s worth it.

A unique fossil insect with scissors on its head and thorax

February 12, 2018 • 10:45 am

It’s Darwin Day, and so we shall have a new paper on the mysteries of evolution. In this case we have a report of an insect whose head and thorax have structures that constitute a pair of scissors—the only insect known to have anything like that. It’s a fossil in Burmese amber, 100 million years old, and the mystery is what the scissors are for.

The report is a new paper in Current Biology by Ming Bai et al. (reference below; free access and pdf using legal Unpaywall app for Chrome). In that paper the authors describe a remarkably well preserved insect that they call Caputoraptor elegans, which has been placed, along with just one other species, in the appropriately named order Alienoptera. We don’t know its precise evolutionary placement, but it appears from morphology to be most closely related to mantids (Mantodea) and a bit less related to cockroaches (Blattodea).

Here’s a dorsal (top) view of C. elegans; the scale bar is 1 mm. Note the big compound eyes, the trapezoidal head, the extended “neck” of the thorax, and the wings.  There are nine specimens, all determined from genitals to be female). You can se the scissors, with the blades comprising a sharp, pointed extension of each side of the rear of the head, and serrated “blades” on on the front of the thorax. It’s pretty clear from this and the following photos that these edges would articulate:

Here’s a top view of the head and anterior thorax showing the knife edge of the head (“ge”) and the serrated edge of the first thoracic segment (“pe”):

Finally, a side view of the head showing the opposing holding/cutting surfaces. Note that there are small hairs (setae: “ps”) protruding from the serrations; the authors think these are sensory hairs that would trigger the scissors to close when they detect an object. Closing would occur as the head bends towards the neck. The compound eyes (“ce”) are huge—like a mantid’s.

As I said, this feature is absolutely unique to this species, and is missing the other member of its extinct order. But what was it used for? The authors broach three possibilities given in this diagram:

In “A” we see the authors’ preferred hypothesis: the scissors were used by females to hold the male’s wings during mating. They presume that, like grasshoppers, roaches, and mayflies, mating occurs with the female atop the male.  This could be tested if they could find male specimens, for under the mating hypothesis, males should be lacking the scissors. That is, the trait would be sexually dimorphic, with males not having it because it has no function for them.

“B” shows a “defensive” hypothesis: the scissors could be use to grab attackers like the ant shown. The authors don’t find this hypothesis particularly good because “with its limited opening angle, [the scissors] would not seriously affect larger or strongly sclerotized attackers”, and “would not work in the case of strikes from above or behind, which apparently excludes most predators.”

“C” shows a predatory function for the scissors. The authors don’t think this is likely because “this mechanism has a limited opening angle and no range extension, as is the case with the raptorial forelegs of mantises. Moreover, closing was very likely triggered by the sensory hairs on the prothoracic ridge. This would imply that Caputoraptor had to move over potential prey before jamming it between the scissors. It is apparently that only small, weakly sclerotized, and slow-moving insects would have been suitable.” But those kind of prey could be taken by the mandibles, with the scissors being unnecessary.

Of course, it could have been used in multiple ways. Unless we find a specimen in the process of attacking or defending (not likely), we won’t know, but we could rule out “A” more easily because, as a trait used by females to hold males, it should be sexually dimorphic—not found in male specimens. One male specimen could settle that issue.

One more note: the authors conclude from the shape of the feet and the short forewings, that this was an arboreal (tree dwelling) creature. The feet have pan-shaped devices on the tips that characterize modern insects that walk on smooth surfaces like leaves, and modern leaf-dwelling insects don’t need a long forewing to protect the hindwings.  Further, the triangular shape of the head and the large eyes suggest that this was a predator, perhaps eating things like aphids or scale insects (both occur in Burmese amber).  So what we have is a mantid-like insect that also lived like a mantid. The authors include a reconstruction:

 

Happy Darwin Day! Old Charlie would be pleased to contemplate such a weird creature.

h/t: Matthew

__________

Bai, M., R. G. Beutel, W. Zhang, S. Wang, M. Hörnig, C. Gröhn, E. Yan, X. Yang, and B. Wipfler. A new Cretaceous insect with a unique cephalo-thoracic scissor device. Current Biology 28:438-443.e431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.031

Ken Ham de-platformed at an Oklahoma University

February 12, 2018 • 9:15 am

Lots of religious sites have picked up the news that evangelical Christian and Ark-Park magnate Ken Ham has been deplatformed at the University of Central Oklahoma (UCO), but what they report is pretty similar to what more mainstream media say (for the latter, go here, here, and here; for Answer in Genesis‘s take, go here). The report below was taken from the three “secular” sources:

The upshot: Ham was scheduled to speak at the University on March 5; the topic was “Genesis and the State of the Culture,” and you can imagine what the content would be.  Answers in Genesis, however, says that “Ken Ham would have discussed the two different worldviews and their starting points when interpreting scientific evidence, as he did in his classic evolution/creation debate with Bill Nye ‘the Science Guy’ four years ago.” That sounds more like a creation/evolution debate than a discussion of how anti-Christian our culture is, but who knows? I suspect that, given the title, Ham would have discussed more than creationism!

But that’s irrelevant to the issue of free speech.

At any rate, Ham apparently was invited to speak by both the student government at UCO and a religious group called “Valid World Views”, so the invitation had the student government’s imprimatur.  There’s some dispute about whether a contract was signed with Ham (he says there was, UCO student body president Stockton Duvall says the negotiations for a contract were underway) and whether there was an initial vote by student government approving the invitation.

Then, the UCO Women’s Research Center and the BGLTQ+ Center objected to Ham’s visit because of his views on gay marriage (which, of course, are that it’s immoral, since marriage should be between one man and one woman). Duvall claims that these groups got wind of the contract negotiations and then ten students and two faculty members met with Duvall and, he says, “bullied” him into rescinding the invitation to Ham (they deny any bullying). There’s some difference in reporting here, as two sources says that student government voted to disinvite ham.

Nevertheless, Ham was disinvited. He’ll still speak on March 5, but at the Fairview Baptist Church near the University, which is in the city of Edmond.

Then UCO not only issued a statement favoring free speech, but said it “had encouraged the event before the student association voted to cancel under unspecified pressure”.  Here’s the President’s statement (my emphases):

Statement from University President Don Betz on Freedom of Expression

“Recent statements on social media and in the press have reported on the decision by the University of Central Oklahoma Student Association (UCOSA) to withdraw from negotiating a contract with Mr. Ken Ham of the organization Answers in Genesis. While we understand and appreciate the many points of view being provided on this topic, we wish to clarify for the community our view and practice of speech.

“The University of Central Oklahoma supports the democratic processes guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution by ensuring that all groups have the right to access a venue for free speech on our campus. We are a marketplace for the exchange of free ideas and we embrace the opportunity to do so. That’s what makes us free.

“As a public institution whose campus is public property, our doors are open to any who wish to express their ideas so long as student and public safety is preserved. A variety of groups representing a full spectrum of ideas and opinions regularly come to our campus and speak freely, and we have public spaces for them to do so. That includes demonstrators that support a variety of sometimes controversial positions.

“Our campus community is composed of many people and organizations that offer various viewpoints on many topics. A diverse group of students posed questions about the decision to invite Mr. Ham to campus. While any reports of bullying will be and are being investigated, it is important to state that reports that the LGBTQ community prevented Mr. Ham from being invited to campus are inaccurate and unfair to members of our campus community.

“As we reflect on the conversation that has emerged during the past two days, we expect the outcome of that discussion to only strengthen our resolve to remain the inclusive and diverse community we have become, and will remain, at UCO.

No one has the ability, nor has UCO ever attempted, to limit speech on our campus. All who wish to freely express their ideas in a peaceful and civil manner, including Mr. Ham, are welcome to do so at the University of Central Oklahoma.”

This is a weaselly statement trying to appease everyone (sometimes “inclusivity” is at odds with free speech), but the penultimate sentence is wrong, for the student government, who first invited Ham, did indeed try to limit speech on the campus. It’s not clear whether the invitation was extended by vote of the student government and then rescinded by another vote, or whether the invitation was issued without their approval, and, if so, whether that constitutes a valid invitation. (Ham says that the university gave permission for Ham to speak.) This is relevant to the issue of whether Ham was really “deplatformed,” and whether that is indeed a violation of the First Amendment (UCO is a public university).

My view is that even if the invitation was done on the sly, if it had some kind of student and university approval, students should still have voted to allow Ham to speak, even given his odious views on gay rights and same-sex marriage, not to mention evolution. If only speakers who approve of the Women’s Research Center and BGLTQ+’s views were allowed to speak, that amounts to limiting what students can hear to a set of ideologically approved positions. Why not let the students hear not only the arguments against evolution, but the religious arguments against gay marriage? What’s to lose? Are they afraid that Ham will actually change students’ minds, making them oppose gay marriage and reject evolution? If so, then they don’t value open discussion of controversial issues. The fact is that evolution, though opposed by many Americans, will become more widely accepted as American becomes more secular, and gay marriage is already a settled issue in law.

These days it’s hard to imagine students who find Ham reprehensible nevertheless voting to invite him, but that’s the traditional Leftist view, and I support it.

The limitation of what one is allowed to hear is one downside of such deplatforming. The other downside is that Ham now gets to trumpet that his views, and Christianity in general, are being persecuted, making him look like a victim of the Left. And he’s already doing that. This is Ham’s reaction as published on the Answer in Genesis website:

[R]eligious liberty in America is under increasing attack by some very intolerant people. In this case of discrimination, I find it highly ironic that after being scheduled to speak in the school’s Constitution Hall, our constitutional right to free speech and the free exercise of religion, guaranteed under the First Amendment, have been denied with the school’s cancellation. Small but vocal groups on campus put up a fuss about my talk, and the university caved in, tearing up the contract and contradicting its own policies of promoting “free inquiry” and “inclusiveness” on campus. Apparently, free speech at UCO is protected only if it is the “right kind” of speech.

And I think he’s right about freedom of religion being trampled on here, much as I despise Ham and what he stands for.  But progressives shouldn’t try to censor those with “offensive” views. I suppose being against gay marriage counts as “hate speech.”

Now I won’t in general debate creationists, as I think the best way to fight them is to write and speak on one’s own, let the other side do the same, and let people judge on their own. (The courts will also weigh in if this becomes a constitutional issue.) Too often debates are an exercise in rhetoric and tactics, and things like the “Gish gallop” aren’t easy to handle in front of an audience that’s sympathetic to creationists. But one must let the other side speak, at least on its own.

That said, I wouldn’t allow a creationist to speak in my classroom.  The courts have decided that “free speech” does not include the promotion of religious views in the classroom, and the courts have further ruled that both creationism and its sophisticated version “Intelligent Design” are not science but religion. It’s also a waste of time to teach students lies when you have limited classroom time, and I’d rather omit creationism than teach it in detail and then show why it’s wrong. (That’s like teaching alchemy in chemistry class and then debunking it.)

Doubtless Michael Egnor, who reads this site obsessively, will call me out for hypocrisy for arguing that Ham should be allowed to speak publicly at UCO but not in my evolution class. But that’s because Egnor, who lacks the neurons to understand nuance (and this isn’t rocket science) can’t conceive of the difference between free speech in public and the right to say anything in a public school classroom. Fortunately, the courts have already decided that one.