Google Doodle celebrates Karl Landsteiner’s 148th birthday

June 14, 2016 • 4:15 pm

If you remember your first-year biology or genetics, you may also recall the name “Landsteiner,” for it was Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943) who discovered the famous A, B, and O blood groups. And, in much of the world today—but not in the U.S.—Google is celebrating his 148th birthday with this Doodle:

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These four blood groups represent combinations of three alleles, an A, a B, and an O allele (the A blood type is AA or AO, the B blood type is BB or BO, the AB blood type is AB, and the O blood type is the double recessive OO). The genetics were not worked out by Landsteiner, nor did he know that the alleles code for antigens: glycoproteins on the surface of the red blood cell. A has one antigen, B another, and O has neither. That means that ABs are the “universal recipients”, since they don’t produce antibodies to the A and B alleles, and can get anybody’s blood, while Os are the “universal donors”, since they express no antigens at all and don’t stimulate the immune system to reject the donor blood. If you’re an O, like I am, your blood is the most useful of all four types. But if you have the additional “negative” Rh type, you’re even more useful (I’m O positive), because there’s incompatibility of Rh types, too. Know your blood type, and put it in your passport and in your wallet.  The rules above are a guideline, as there can still be some incompatibility, so doctors often do a cross-check by mixing bloods before transfusion. But in an emergency they rely on the ABO and Rh rules.

At any rate, although Landsteiner didn’t know the genetics and biochemistry, he did know which blood mixed with which without agglutination, and this led to the first successful blood transfusion based on Landsteiner-group compatibility in 1907. (Note to Wikipedia: this was not the first recorded and successful human-to-human transfusion; that was done in 1818 by James Blundell.)

It’s not well known that Landsteiner, along with Erwin Popper, also discovered and isolated the polio virus—in 1908.

For the blood-group discovery Landsteiner received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1930.

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Karl Landsteiner

I have no idea why this Doodle isn’t seen in the U.S.:

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h/t: David W.

Google Doodle celebrates avid birder Phoebe Snetsinger

June 9, 2016 • 8:30 am

Today’s animated Google Doodle celebrates the 85th birthday of Phoebe Snetsinger (1931-1999), a woman who, at age 49, was diagnosed with terminal melanoma, and decided to make the most of her remaining years by seeing as many species of birds as she could. And she got 17 more years—traveling the world four months every year looking for birds. As the Independent notes, she racked up a total of 8300 species on her life list—more than anyone had ever seen before. (It’s estimated that there are roughly 10,400 bird species on the planet.)

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Snetsinger’s life, even aside from the melanoma, wasn’t all beer and skittles:

“People would get excited when they found out they’d be on a tour with her, and were honored when she took time out to help them in the field,” wrote Olivia Gentile, author of “Life List: A Woman’s Quest for the World’s Most Amazing Birds”. “Even catching a glimpse of her was thrilling, as if she were a rock star.”

Yet the trips abroad took their toll. She reportedly missed her mother’s funeral and her daughter’s wedding to attend birding tours. She injured her knee on a mountain trail and sustained a permanently crippled arm after she broke her wrist.

Worse was to come. When she was staying at an isolated lagoon in Papua New Guinea, her guide was beaten up and she was gang-raped by five men. One year later, Ms Snetsinger revisited the scene of the attack.

The incredible feat of one woman’s epic journey of discovery and documentation came at the ultimate cost.

On her final trip abroad in Madagascar in November 1999, the van Ms Snetsinger was riding in rolled over and crashed.

The world’s most famous bird-watcher died instantly, at the age of 68 – but not before she had spotted an exceptionally rare Helmet vanga.

Here’s a helmet vanga (Euryceros prevostii) from northeast Madagascar:
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In her memoir, she wrote: “If it’s my last trip, so be it – but I’m going to make it a good one and go down binoculars in hand.”

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Phoebe Snetsinger

Snetsinger’s now been surpassed by several avid birders; the new record is apparently held by Jon Hornbuckle, who saw 9414 species. (See his website here.) Here he is with a bird; can you identify it?

JHwith ???

 

Google Doodle celebrates Lotte Reiniger

June 2, 2016 • 8:00 am

Today’s Google Doodle celebrates the 117th birthday of a little-known German animated filmmaker, Lotte Reiniger (1899-1981), with a 1½ minute animation, in her style, that you can see by clicking the screenshot below.

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Here’s one of her shorter movies, “Cinderella” (“Aschenputtel”) made in 1922, several years before sound was added to movies:

Four years later she made the first full-length animated movie, “The Adventures of Prince Achmed,” which you can see here (German captions only); it antedated “Snow White”—the first such film made in English—by 11 years.  Her films were immensely successful, and required tedious work: cutting out black paper silhouettes and photographing them frame by frame as they were moved. (I haven’t been able to find a video of another feature, “Doktor Doolittle und seine Tiere,” or “Doctor Doolittle and his Animals.”)

Lotte Reiniger bei der Arbeit am Prinzen Achmed Copyright: Stadtmuseum Tübingen
Lotte Reiniger working on Prince Achmed. Photo: Stadtmuseum Tübingen

Google Doodle celebrates Freud (I don’t)

May 6, 2016 • 7:30 am

I’m not a big fan of Freud; in fact, I’m not even a tiny fan. He regarded psychoanalysis as a “science”, but it was really a pseudoscience, designed as a self-contained, airtight system of explanation rendered immune to disconfirmation by its slippery acolytes and its ability to explain everything—thereby explaining nothing. And there’s no evidence that psychoanalysis is better than a placebo, much less other forms of talk therapy. It’s expensive, too.

I see it as a scam, and I’ve read my share of Freud. If you want to see his “science” in action, read some of his case studies like Little Hans, or The Interpretation of Dreams. Psychoanalysis is dying out, and I see that as all to the good. It’s ineffectual and serves largely to enrich the psychoanalyist, who sees patients several times a week, often for years, at a whopping fee.

Nevertheless, I suppose one can argue that Freud made some contribution to our civilization. The notion of the unconscious is one, though he was far from the first to talk about that. And his books about religion, like Civilization and Its Discontents, at least limned provocative hypotheses about the origins and persistence of religion.

/Rant.  Today’s Google Doodle celebrates Freud’s 160th birthday, and it’s pretty clever, at least if you admire Freud:

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In case you don’t get it, The Indian Express explains:

While the psychoanalyst is most commonly represented sitting on a chair with the patient lying on the couch beside him, or as we’ve now come to perceive every clinical psychologist ever, Doodler Kevin Laughlin instead chose one of Freud’s most groundbreaking theories – the iceberg.

The iceberg theory, which explains the unconscious, pre-conscious and conscious and how they give birth to id, superego and ego which in turn shape a person’s identity.

Depicting the Freudian theory, the doodle shows most of the brain submerged and unknown, representing the pre-conscious and unconscious and shows only a part of the face above surface to represent the conscious.

 

Google Doodle honors Jane Jacobs

May 4, 2016 • 6:45 am

Often the Google Doodles honor someone I don’t know, but that’s all good because those form Teaching Moments. Today’s Doodle, honoring the 100th birthday of Jane Jacobs (she died in 2006), is one of these (click on the screenshot to go where the Doodle goes):

Screen Shot 2016-05-04 at 6.01.24 AMI’ll let reader Barn Owl, who sent me the link, sum up the honoree:

Today’s Google doodle features Jane Jacobs, a journalist and community activist who wrote an excellent book entitled The Death and Life of Great American Cities (among many other articles and books).  It’s so full of insight and wisdom about urban planning and city life, that it’s difficult to believe (with the arrogance of 21st century hindsight) that the book was published in 1961.
But I also found a piece in today’s Slate, right at the top of the Google search, called “Bulldoze Jane Jacobs.” (Subtitle: “The celebrated urban thinker wrote the blueprint for how we revitalize cities. It’s time to stop glorifying her theories.”).  It claims that the communities she advocated: diverse, small-scale, and containing local businesses, eventually become gentrified, like Greenwich Village. This is above my pay grade, I don’t know what to think, and so throw it to interested.

Google Doodle celebrates National Teacher Appreciation Day

May 3, 2016 • 7:00 am

Although I no longer teach at my own University, as a secular Jew (i.e., one who needs love and approbation, which explains why so many comedians are Jewish), I will claim that I’m included in the group being celebrated today by Google. And I still teach here and there. . . .

I left out this holiday in the Hili post, but include it here, along with the cute animated Doodle. Click on it to see where it goes:

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I have a feeling that the last pencil in line, stunted, alone, and upside down, is making some kind of political or ideological statement, but maybe I’ve been in the game too long. Your guess?

Matthew Cobb, however, still teaches, so we can celebrate him. And also Leicester City, which clinched the championship of the Premier League yesterday after my beloved Spurs didn’t beat Chelsea, tying them at 2-2.

Google Doodles honor Claude Shannon and Hertha Marks Ayrton

April 30, 2016 • 8:30 am

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Today’s Google Doodle celebrates the birthday of Claude Shannon in 1916 (died 2001), called the “father of information theory,” but also the father of digital circuitry, which uses binary zeroes and ones (he’s juggling them above) to design electrical switching circuits. (As the New Yorker notes in a profile, “Claude Shannon, the father of the Information Age, turns 1100100.”) If you click on the Doodle, you’ll go to a list of links about Shannon. As the New Yorker article notes:

First and foremost, he introduced the notion that information could be quantified at all. In “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” his legendary paper from 1948, Shannon proposed that data should be measured in bits—discrete values of zero or one. (He gave credit for the word’s invention to his colleague John Tukey, at what was then Bell Telephone Laboratories, who coined it as a contraction of the phrase “binary digit.”)

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I hadn’t noticed, but a reader let me know, that yesterday Google also had a Doodle marking the birthday of engineer, mathematician, and physicist Hertha Marks Ayrton (1854-1923):

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Time Magazine describes her achievements, which includes breaking (or at least butting up against) a scientific ceiling:

Hertha Marks Ayrton became the first woman to present her own work to the U.K.’s Royal Society when she stood in front of the scientific academy in 1904 and read “The Origin and Growth of Ripple Marks.” Until then, scientists were baffled by the creation of ridges in sand when a wave washes over a beach.

To celebrate Ayrton’s scientific discoveries and victories over discrimination, Google has honored the British engineer, mathematician, physicist and inventor with a Doodle, on the 162nd anniversary of her birth. In addition to unlocking the mystery of ripples, Ayrton also became and expert on electric arcs, widely used in lighting at the time.

In 1906, the Royal Society awarded Ayrton with its prestigious Hughes Medal for her contributions to physical sciences. But the academy denied her the honor of becoming a fellow, because she was married. Addressing this kind of gender discrimination in science, Ayrton wrote: “An error that ascribes to a man what was actually the work of a woman has more lives than a cat.”

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Speaking of cats, it’s time for our weekly Felid Lineup.