Squirrel guarding body of its friend?

September 11, 2014 • 2:01 pm

Here’s a video that purportedly shows a squirrel guarding the body of its friend, who was bashed by a car, from crows who want to nom it.  And it sure looks like that, but I can’t quite bring myself to believe that squirrels have that kind of empathy.

On the other hand, recent experiments here at Chicago, by Peggy Mason and her colleagues, show that rats have a kind of empathy. When a rat is in an enclose with another rat trapped in a smaller box that is latched shut, the “free” rat will unlatch the box and release the other rat, even when it doesn’t get a reward.

Curiously enough, the trapped rat has to be one that the Samaritan rat is familiar with through experience. That is, the Samaritan will free a rat of the same strain that it’s been raised with, or of another strain if it’s been raised with that one, but it will not free a rat of its own same strain if it hasn’t been raised with members of its strain. That suggests what Paul Bloom’s studies on infants show: babies are proto-empathic, but only to people with whom they’re familiar.

So if rats can show a form of empathy, why not another rodent: the squirrel?

From One Green Planet, which simply presents the explanation as fact (bad science reporting!):

Animals aren’t as different from people as we sometimes tend to think they are. They understand more than we give them credit for, and have more emotionally complex lives than we assume.

This is heartbreaking; this squirrel just lost his friend, who was hit by a car on the road. But this squirrel won’t let the crows have him just yet. He is reacting in grief for the loss of his friend. We usually think this kind of mourning as an exclusively human quality. It’s easy to assume that because animals look so different from us, or because they can’t speak our languages, that they don’t feel the same emotions.

But let this squirrel prove that old mythology wrong. Maybe if we can all start realizing that animals are as emotionally complex as we are, then we would take more seriously the times when human activity effects their lives.

Judge for yourself. I have to say, though, that I once saw a squirrel dragging the body of a dead squirrel across the quad. At first I thought it just intended to eat the carcass, but I don’t think squirrels are that carnivorous. Maybe it was also being empathic in a way.

h/t: Jim E.

Sam Harris refuses to osculate the rump of Islam

September 11, 2014 • 12:26 pm

As ISIS slaughters and beheads its way through the Middle East, the apologists for Islam are making their usual excuses: ISIS isn’t expressing “true Islam,” or, if it is, “the West brought it on through colonialism,” and so on.  I won’t have that, and, of course, neither will Sam. Unless you are so blinded by what ISIS declares as its motives, or are so contemptuous of the West that any reaction by Muslims can be blamed on colonialism, or are such a reverse bigot that you think that jihadis must be excused for their violent reactions, then you must conclude that ISIS is motivated by one thing: religion—the desire to establish an Islamic caliphate and wipe out the infidels. If it’s all due to the West, why are they killing mostly Muslims or those of other faiths who weren’t “colonialists”? It’s maddening to hear the likes of Glenn Greenwald and others excuse Islamic rage. They are as blind to the truth as are creationists. It distresses me that you can be just as blinkered by soft-brained liberalism as you can by religion.

But I digress, because I want Sam Harris to do the talking. On his website essay for today, “Sleepwalking toward Armageddon,” Sam goes after the Islamist apologists: not those who say ISIS is okay, but those who say that it’s not really Islam, or it’s not really motivated by faith. I didn’t realize that Obama said that last night, as I didn’t hear his talk (I didn’t want to), but Sam did. In his piece he goes after Obama’s mealymouthed attitude towards ISIS—meant, of course, to avoid upsetting the rest of the Muslim world.

A few snippets:

In his speech responding to the horrific murder of journalist James Foley by a British jihadist, President Obama delivered the following rebuke (using an alternate name for ISIS):

“ISIL speaks for no religion… and no faith teaches people to massacre innocents. No just God would stand for what they did yesterday and what they do every single day. ISIL has no ideology of any value to human beings. Their ideology is bankrupt…. we will do everything that we can to protect our people and the timeless values that we stand for. May God bless and keep Jim’s memory. And may God bless the United States of America.”

We’ve already covered that one here.  But the President said more last night (italics):

In his subsequent remarks outlining a strategy to defeat ISIS, the President declared:

“Now let’s make two things clear: ISIL is not Islamic. No religion condones the killing of innocents, and the vast majority of ISIL’s victims have been Muslim…. ISIL is a terrorist organization, pure and simple. And it has no vision other than the slaughter of all who stand in its way…. May God bless our troops, and may God bless the United States of America.”

Sam’s reaction, on the money:

As an atheist, I cannot help wondering when this scrim of pretense and delusion will be finally burned away—either by the clear light of reason or by a surfeit of horror meted out to innocents by the parties of God. Which will come first, flying cars and vacations to Mars, or a simple acknowledgment that beliefs guide behavior and that certain religious ideas—jihad, martyrdom, blasphemy, apostasy—reliably lead to oppression and murder? It may be true that no faith teaches people to massacre innocents exactly—but innocence, as the President surely knows, is in the eye of the beholder. Are apostates “innocent”? Blasphemers? Polytheists? Islam has the answer, and the answer is “no.”

. . . But a belief in martyrdom, a hatred of infidels, and a commitment to violent jihad are not fringe phenomena in the Muslim world. These preoccupations are supported by the Koran and numerous hadith. That is why the popular Saudi cleric Mohammad Al-Areefi sounds like the ISIS army chaplain. The man has 9.5 million followers on Twitter (twice as many as Pope Francis has). If you can find an important distinction between the faith he preaches and that which motivates the savagery of ISIS, you should probably consult a neurologist.

Understanding and criticizing the doctrine of Islam—and finding some way to inspire Muslims to reform it—is one of the most important challenges the civilized world now faces. But the task isn’t as simple as discrediting the false doctrines of Muslim “extremists,” because most of their views are not false by the light of scripture. A hatred of infidels is arguably the central message of the Koran. The reality of martyrdom and the sanctity of armed jihad are about as controversial under Islam as the resurrection of Jesus is under Christianity. It is not an accident that millions of Muslims recite the shahadah or make pilgrimage to Mecca. Neither is it an accident that horrific footage of infidels and apostates being decapitated has become a popular form of pornography throughout the Muslim world. Each of these practices, including this ghastly method of murder, find explicit support in scripture.

And the most telling part is Harris’s indictment of Westerners, often academics, who excuse this stuff, or blame it on “other factors”:

But there is now a large industry of obfuscation designed to protect Muslims from having to grapple with these truths. Our humanities and social science departments are filled with scholars and pseudo-scholars deemed to be experts in terrorism, religion, Islamic jurisprudence, anthropology, political science, and other diverse fields, who claim that where Muslim intolerance and violence are concerned, nothing is ever what it seems. Above all, these experts claim that one can’t take Islamists and jihadists at their word: Their incessant declarations about God, paradise, martyrdom, and the evils of apostasy are nothing more than a mask concealing their real motivations. What are their real motivations? Insert here the most abject hopes and projections of secular liberalism: How would you feel if Western imperialists and their mapmakers had divided your lands, stolen your oil, and humiliated your proud culture? Devout Muslims merely want what everyone wants—political and economic security, a piece of land to call home, good schools for their children, a little leisure to enjoy the company of friends. Unfortunately, most of my fellow liberals appear to believe this. In fact, to not accept this obscurantism as a deep insight into human nature and immediately avert one’s eyes from the teachings of Islam is considered a form of bigotry.

Note how his passion is, as always, expressed in great prose.

As I told one of these apologists, a Chicago colleague who blamed Muslim killings (mostly of Muslims, of course) as a natural reaction to Western colonialism, “What would they have to say to convince you that it really was religion that motivated them?”

That last paragraph is pure truth, and I have nothing but contempt for those who tie themselves in intellectual knots to blame anything but religion for the evils it causes. Like Sam, I hasten to add that not all Muslims are killers or oppressors of women, but must I keep saying that? When a Christian, motivated by the view that blastocysts of Homo sapiens are equivalent to adults, kills an abortion doctor, must we always tack on the caveat, “But of course not all Christians are like that.”? Of course they’re not. But there are many Muslims who share the ideals of ISIS and celebrate their barbarity.

Sam has some solutions to the problem (difficult ones, of course), but before we can even begin to solve the problems wrought by groups like ISIS, we must honestly admit to ourselves what is motivating them.

Critically endangered bat found—on a Florida golf course!

September 11, 2014 • 9:55 am

I love bats, yet because they’re nocturnal we see them far too rarely. The order Chiroptera, containing the bats, is the second most species-rich of all of the mammalian orders, with about 1240 species. Only the rodents (Rodentia) is more numerous, with about 2270 species.

At any rate, although there are many species, the ones in North America are endangered by white-nose disease, a fungal growth that has a mortality rate up to 90%. Other bats are simply rare. One of them is the Florida bonneted bat, (Eumops floridanus), which appears to have a population of only about 500. It is listed as “critically endangered,” which I think is the most critical status a species can have in the U.S.

As the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission notes:

Florida bonneted bats are thought to be exceedingly rare. Only a handful of  bonneted bat nursery roosts have been documented and none are in natural habitat  (i.e. all are in bat houses).

The Florida bonneted bat faces many threats to its population. The species’ small range leaves the population vulnerable to natural disasters such as hurricanes since the impact could occur throughout its entire range. Diseases such as White Nose-Syndrome may be a threat to the bonneted bat population, although to date the disease is only known to impact cave-hibernating species. The loss of habitat, including natural roost sites, threatens the population. Pesticide use could also threaten the bonneted bat population by affecting their food source, although it has not been proven (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2008).

And, like all bats, they’re adorable: here’s one. Don’t you just want to give it a belly rub?

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Photo: Joel Sartore/Getty Images

Here’s their distribution:

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According to an article in Takepart published two days ago,”The world’s rarest bat is discovered living on a golf course in Miami,” a new group has been located near a golf course, though we don’t know where they roost:

Only an estimated 500 of the bonneted bats are left—no one knows for sure how many—and they are scattered around six South Florida counties. The small and high-flying bats have long eluded biologists’ attempts to capture them or even discover where they roost. Then one evening recently, Kirsten Bohn, a Florida International University bat biologist, was standing on her balcony in the Miami suburb of Coral Gables when she heard the distinctive call of Eumops floridanus. She used a high-speed recorder to capture the sound and make a positive identification of the species.

It’s not the first time the bats have come to the big city. An injured and pregnant bat, for instance, was found in Coral Gables in 1988, according to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, which listed the Florida bonneted bat as endangered last year.

“One individual recently reported that a single Florida bonneted bat had come down the chimney and into his residence in Coral Gables in the fall about five years ago,” the FWS stated in its listing decision. Over the years, people occasionally recorded the bats flying near two Coral Gables golf courses but never found where they roosted.

“This is the same location they were recorded years ago but no one knew if they were still there until I moved here and started hearing them in my backyard,” Bohn said in an email on Tuesday.

The biologist started organizing a brigade of citizen scientists to fan out across Miami as the sun set to search for the bonneted bat and listen for its call. Members of the Miami Bat Squad—yes, they have a Facebook page—can download bat sounds on their iPhone to help identify the critters.

“As of yet, we haven’t located a roost site but we have added multiple new locations, never known before, where they have been observed around Miami,” said Bohn. “In fact, tonight volunteers are meeting at a location that may have a roost site to help observe at dusk where bats come out.”

Here is one being rehabilitated before release, and nomming a grubworm.

We all need to love bats more.  Although they’re often cited for their abilities to control insects (conservation all too often depends on the usefulness of a species to humans), they’re just marvelous animals: the only flying mammal; and we know very little about their evolution.

And, on another encouraging note, a snail in the Seychelles once thought extinct has been found—though only 7 individuals were seen. To read about that, and other “Lazarus” species once thought extinct but recently found alive, go to this piece in the Global Post

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The Aldabra banded snail, back from the dead. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldabra_banded_snail for more information

h/t: Matthew Cobb, Barry

Pennsylvania teenager faces jail time for “desecrating a venerated object”

September 11, 2014 • 7:29 am

Blasphemy in the U.S.???

Reader jsp called my attention to what seems a gross inequity in punishment, something that shouldn’t be happening in America. A teenager photographed himself in a compromising position with the statue of Jesus on a church lawn.  I’ve seen dozens of such pictures, and not just with Jesus, but it was the Jesus bit that got him in trouble. First, the picture and then the story, both from KRON 4 News in San Francisco:

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EVERETT, Pennsylvania (KRON) — A Pennsylvania teenager is facing criminal charges after posting pictures to Facebook of him simulating a sex act with a statue of Jesus.

The young man posted that he took the pictures in late July at the statue of a kneeling Jesus in front of the “Love in the Name of Christ” Christian organization in his hometown of Everett.

The criminal charge, which will be heard in family court, consists of “Desecration of a Venerated Object.”

Pennsylvania law defines desecration as “Defacing, damaging, polluting or otherwise, physically mistreating in a way that the actor knows will outrage the sensibilities of persons likely to observe or discover the action.”

The teen, whose name has not been released, could face up to two years in a juvenile jail if convicted.

For crying out loud, what is that law doing on the books? “Venerated object?”, really? Let’s see them try to convict somebody for burning a Bible or the Qur’an under that law. While what the kid is doing doesn’t really qualify as “free speech,” the most it could be is trespassing, and he should just have been let off with a warning. Now he’s going to court and could go to jail (I predict he won’t).

But that law is unconstitutional. For instance, I suppose I could say that I venerate Hitchens’s book God is Not Great.  If somebody damages it, could I take them to court? If I couldn’t because “venerated objects” apply only to religious objects, then that’s a violation of the Constitution.

This is America, not Saudi Arabia. Religion gets no pass. There is no damage here, and maybe a bit of trespassing, but desecration? Give me a break.

Because the piece was published in San Francisco, you can guess what the comments are like. Here are two:

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Readers’ wildlife photos

September 11, 2014 • 5:12 am

If you have some wildlife photos, send ’em in, as the queue is getting uncomfortably small. But, as I always say, publishing them is at my discretion, as I hate disappointing people. So make sure they’re good ones!

Reader Ray sent some unusual photos: domesticated reindeer. They were taken in Ivalo, which is in Lapland (Finland):

Taken by me, August 2012, near Ivalo above the Arctic Circle. At the reindeer farm, a Sami reindeer farmer beat a tree with a stick, and they came running from all over. They ate from our hands and you will see that they are quite small. Both male and female have antlers, unlike other deer, and the antlers always have a forward pointing`prong’ (I forget the technical term.) Most Christmas cards that  purport to show reindeer from Lapland get them all wrong.

They are indeed smaller than I imagined; and I’d love to see the herds. I also didn’t know that reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are the same species we call “caribou” in North America, though that species is geographically variable in size and other morphological traits. Finally, I didn’t now they had a central, forward-pointing prong!

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Regular Stephen Barnard from Idaho sent an amazing series of photos showing an interaction between Buteo swainsoni and B. jamaicensis:

Swainson’s and Red-tailed hawks in a dogfight high over my fields. The Swainson’s (with the darker  breast) seems to have the upper hand. There was a third hawk taking place in the acrobatics — a Red-tailed, I think.

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Finally, reader pyers sent us a photo absolutely emblamatic of England:

Mute swans (Cygnus olor) on the River Severn at Worcester. Nothing very special (we in England have few animals that can equal the spectacular ones that you have highlighted)  but just an attractive sight ….

Indeed. If I saw that I’d immediately repair to the nearest pub to have a pint or three. Do they still have Landlord over there?
Pyers