The Thinking Atheist’s book

August 27, 2014 • 2:13 pm

Just a quick note: Seth Andrews, who hosts “The Thinking Atheist,” one of the best and most popular podcasts for the godless, wrote a book about his deconversion from evangelical Christianity to atheism.  I met Seth at the “Imagine No Religion” meeting in Kamloops; he was a great guy and gave a fascinating talk about how the tropes of secular, popular culture are appropriated by Christians to create a self-contained parallel world for their youth.  After years as a Christian broadcaster and d.j., Seth’s faith slowly waned, largely because he read the books of the New Atheists.

I’ve just become aware that Andrews’s Deconverted: A Journey from Religion to Reason was published in December of 2012. It wasn’t on my radar screen for some reason, but a reader called my attention to geologist and science writer Don Prothero’s positive review of the book in the latest issue of the online Skeptic. Here are two excerpts from Prothero’s review, which is called “The Thinking Atheist Confesses.

The latter part of the book is full of his shrewd observations on religion and atheism. Among the gems are his list of the different categories of believers he’s come to know (the Feeler, the Theologian, the Folklorist, and the Foot Soldier), and his answers to the common questions he gets from the many believers who cannot accept his atheism. As someone who grew up in a slightly different Protestant tradition (Presbyterianism) and grew out of his family’s faith also, I can relate to many of Andrews’ experiences—as can most people who were raised in strictly religious families and have found their way out of their religious shackles.

. . . Andrews’ book is a short but very enjoyable read. It is especially of interest to anyone who has made a similar journey from faith to non-belief, or wishes to understand how this process works.

And the Amazon reviews, and ratings, are pretty impressive:

Screen Shot 2014-08-27 at 4.08.23 PM

I’ll definitely be reading this.

 

 

I was prescient! Bill Nye and the Ark Park

August 27, 2014 • 9:57 am

Mike Greer, a retired Baptist minister, is a rarity: someone who seems to speak out about the abuses inflicted by people who claim to have God on their side. He writes for Religion Dispatches, but that doesn’t mean he’s soft on faith. You can see that in his new piece, “Did the ‘Science Guy’ Bill Nye single-handedly revive Noah’s Ark theme park?

As you probably know, the “Ark Park” under construction in Kentucky was in financial trouble, in danger of not getting enough money from bond issues to build that Christian travesty. And then Bill Nye agreed to debate Ken Ham on the topic of “Is creation a viable model of origins?“, with the debate held at the Creation Museum, also in Kentucky. Ham’s organization, Answers in Genesis, is behind the park.

I didn’t like it, and kvetched several times about Nye’s bid for attention having the bad consequences of helping Ham raise money for the embattled park (see here, and here, for instance).  I watched the debate, and it was pretty much what I expected: the two debaters talking past each other, with the audience on Ham’s side. But what the debate did was energize the flagging Ark project. As I wrote in a New Republic piece at the time, Nye finally realized what he had done.

The Ark Park had been in financial trouble because people weren’t buying its bonds, but if Ham isn’t lyingand one has to worry about that given his creationist missionthe debate got the needed interest to revive the park. As the Guardian reports:

Creation Museum founder Ken Ham announced Thursday that a municipal bond offering has raised enough money to begin construction on the Ark Encounter project, estimated to cost about $73m. Groundbreaking is planned for May and the ark is expected to be finished by the summer of 2016.

Ham said a high-profile evolution debate he had with “Science Guy” Bill Nye on 4 February helped boost support for the project.

And Nye’s response:

Nye said he was “heartbroken and sickened for the Commonwealth of Kentucky” after learning that the project would move forward. He said the ark would eventually draw more attention to the beliefs of Ham’s ministry, which preaches that the Bible’s creation story is a true account, and as a result, “voters and taxpayers in Kentucky will eventually see that this is not in their best interest.”

And now we know that, at the end of July, the state of Kentucky approved $18 million in tax breaks for the park, assuring its construction.  Greer’s piece in Religion Dispatches points out what a bad idea the debate was, and gives a shout out to the prescient Professor Ceiling Cat (in bold below as some self aggrandizement):

When asked, Nye brushes off questions about whether he may rightly be criticized for taking part in a debate that helped to revive a creationist project he says he despises. Perhaps the correct question for Nye is, “Were you aware of Ham’s ulterior motives behind the staging of the February debate?” If Nye says he was not aware then it would only be fair to assume that Ham is light-years ahead of Nye when it comes to business acumen.

This isn’t just hindsight. A month before the debate University of Chicago professor of Evolutionary Science Jerry A. Coyne warned that Nye was making a very serious mistake and predicted it would resurrect the Ark Encounter project. If only Nye had listened to Coyne we wouldn’t be in our current predicament in Kentucky. 

Before the debate Ham’s project was on the verge of collapsing. The necessary bond sales weren’t materializing and the state wasn’t prepared to make good on a promise to provide tax incentives and road funds—all of which changed after the debate.

Last week the Ark Encounter project broke ground. The Commonwealth is set to provide tax  incentives and road improvement expenditures of $30+ million to a religious scheme that has grossly discriminatory hiring practices and promotes a state image of collective ignorance. Thanks Bill Nye. Thankfully, Americans United for the Separation of Church and State is sending warnings that suing the state is an option if it insists on providing taxpayer support for this ridiculous venture.

So what should we all take away from this fiasco? A word to the wise. Those determined to take a principled stand against ignorance and bigotry ought to not only be aware of their own motives, but they must also make every effort to come to a seasoned awareness of the motives and goals of those they challenge. Otherwise, for all our good intentions, we risk being nothing more than pawns in the hands of those who will happily use us to forward their self-aggrandizing agenda.

Well, what’s done is done.  But I do resent Nye’s overweening penchant for the spotlight, which led him into this debate.  Further, Nye apparently is trying to become a spokesperson for science in general and evolution in particular. From what I’ve seen, he’s not doing a particularly good job of it.  I never watched “The Science Guy,” and so I can’t pass judgement on that, but Nye, who clearly misses the public attention he got on that show, is trying to sustain it with a post-t.v. life as a science popularizer. I hope he does good things, but, based on his performance during and after the debate, I just don’t think he has what it takes to keep it going as a science educator.  He needs to let Nye take a back seat to the science itself.

h/t: Al

Rutherford (and Cobb) on Rembrandt

August 27, 2014 • 9:12 am

by Matthew Cobb

UK readers might want to watch the third episode of Adam Rutherford’s new BBC TV series, The Beauty of Anatomy, which is on tonight, Wednesday 27th, at 20:30 on BBC4 (I’m afraid it clashes with the Great British Bakeoff if you’re into that). Adam’s 5-part series traces the history of anatomy through both the great anatomists and the art they inspired.The third episode, which is about Rembrandt, features me talking about science in the 17th century Dutch Republic. As this trailer shows, it also has Adam’s wonderfully genuine response to The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp.

The first two episodes, dealing with Galen and Leonardo, and with Vesalius are available on the BBC iPlayer for those of you in the UK – for the next few weeks only. Someone has uploaded the first two episodes to YouTube (see below), but I’m not sure how long they’ll last. If the third episode is posted, we’ll post that later.

Each programme is only 30 minutes long, but captures both the spirit of the time, and the art that was created. Warning – these contain scenes of dissection of human bodies.

You can also watch this episode of a fantastic 2013 Dutch TV series about the Dutch Golden Age, which focused on Dutch naturalist Jan Swammerdam, and includes a section of me talking about Rembrandt’s Anatomy Lesson. The programme is in Dutch, but sadly I don’t speak Dutch, so my bits are in English. They are at around 10:20 – 13:20, and 16:00 – 20:30, and 31:50 – 34:00 (NB, there are some gruesome bits in the Dutch sections…)

 

Yikes! Keep those spare bedroom windows *shut*

August 27, 2014 • 7:38 am

by Matthew Cobb

This just popped up in my Tw*tter feed, and was in this morning’s Daily Telegraph. A couple in Winchester, England, had not been in their spare bedroom for several months. What they did not realise is that they had left the bedroom window open. In the intervening period, a wasp queen had come in and started to make a nest. The point of wasps (like the point of everything) being to make more wasps, that’s exactly what she did:

Wasps-nest_potd_3018130b
Photo: M&Y

Inevitably, I suppose, the pest controller was called in and the estimated 5000 wasps were killed. At least he showed some remorse:

Pest Control worker John Birkett said: “The client was terrified. In 45 years I have never seen anything like it. There must have been 5,000 wasps.

“It was a job to deal with it. I had protective gear on and used spray to kill them. At one stage there must have been 2,000 wasps buzzing around me.

“If someone had gone in to the room and not known what it was it would have been pretty serious.

Mr Birkett, who runs Longwood Services exterminators, used chemical spray to kill the insects during a two-hour operation on Sunday afternoon.

“I thought ‘what a shame’, but I had a job to do and the client was terrified. Afterwards, the entire room was filled with dead wasps. It was like the apocalypse.”

 

Four new see-through frogs from Peru

August 27, 2014 • 6:15 am

Have a look at this puppy*; isn’t it gorgeous?

*Yes, I know it’s not a dog, for crying out loud!

ww-transparent-frog-peru-01-600x407

It’s a glass frog from Peru, one of four newly-discovered species described in a new paper in Zootaxa by Evan Twomey  et al. (reference and link below, but you’ll get only the abstract, and would have to pay big bucks for the paper. Thanks to Evan for sending me the pdf). There’s also a National Geographic blurb which is more accessible than the 87-page monograph, which goes into detail about the frogs’ discovery, description, anatomy, biogeography, phylogeny (based on both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA), “environmental niche models,”  their vocalizations and so on.  It’s an excellent and comprehensive analysis of this group. And, because I’m a good boy, I went through the whole monograph last night rather than spoon-feeding you what’s in the National Geographic summary. Here are some photos and a few of the authors’ conclusions about the frogs.

 Glass frogs are in the family Centrolenidae, which, according to Amphibiaweb, has 151 species in 12 genera. They’re called “glass frogs” because you can see through their bellies, and also through selected parts of their bodies, as we’ll see below.  Their transparency reveals their viscera: heart (“pericardium”, the sac containing the heart), liver, and other guts. A weird thing: three of the speices have green bones, a first for frogs!
Twomey et al. summarize the data showing that there are 33 species in Peru, and their paper describes four new ones. Here is one—the same one pictured above. It’s Centrolene charapita, and from the vental aspect you can see into its belly.  These pictures and captions are all taken from the paper:
Screen shot 2014-08-25 at 5.02.28 PM
 This was found at one location: along a stream in northern Peru. The name of the species comes from the resemblance of the pattern on its back to Aji charapita (peppers); here are some of them, which start of green and turn yellow:
cumaripepper
The bottoms of hands and feet of C.charapita. See the bones? They’re green! The authors hypothesize that this color comes from the sequestration of a pigment from bile, biliverdin.  Whether or not the green color was simply an accident, or is a result of natural selection (perhaps to aid camouflage) isn’t known.
Screen shot 2014-08-25 at 5.03.52 PM
Voilà, another new species, Chimerella corleone, named after the patriarch of the Godfather movies. It was named because it has a spike sticking out of the upper arm that males may use to fight each other. (The authors clearly have a penchant for colorful species names, which I like.)  These are very small frogs: C. corleone, for instance, is only 2 cm long: about 0.8 inch.
Screen shot 2014-08-25 at 5.05.35 PM

Here’s the “type locality” of C. corleone. It would be nice to do field work in such a place!:

Screen Shot 2014-08-27 at 7.22.07 AM

Reproduction in species of Chimerella, including C. corleone (a, b, and d; see caption of figure). Males apparently guard the egg masses, which are laid on leaves, and tadpoles, when they hatch, drop into the water:

Screen shot 2014-08-25 at 5.08.10 PM

The third new species, Cochranella guayasamani:

Screen Shot 2014-08-27 at 7.27.28 AM

Here are its tadpoles, which also start out transparent but are pink (reasons for the color and transparency unknown). On the right you can see the eggs hatching and the tadpoles dropping off the leaves into the water:

Screen Shot 2014-08-27 at 7.26.25 AM

 

And the fourth new species, Hylinobatrachium anachoretus, the only one found in cloud forest (2050 m). In (b) you can see the ventral view, with the veins, viscera, and heart clearly visible.  In (e) you can see a male guarding its clutch; these frogs have parental care. Why are they transparent? Who knows?

 

Screen shot 2014-08-25 at 5.10.14 PM

Finally, here are ventral views of three species in the genus Hylinobatrachium, showing their transparency. Look at the heart, the veins, and the guts!

Screen Shot 2014-08-27 at 7.39.19 AM

These frogs live in relatively inaccessible places, and even in the places where they live they aren’t common. There are many questions about them, including the reasons for their remarkable transparency), but the answers will be hard to come by. How do you figure out why a frog that is so rare is transparent? What kind of experiments can you do?

h/t: Brian

____________

Twomey, E., J. Delia, and S. Castroviejo-Fisher. 2014. A review of Northern Peruvian glassfrogs (Centrolenidae), with the description of four new remarkable species. Zootaxa 3851:1-87.

Wednesday: Reader’s wildlife photos

August 27, 2014 • 4:47 am

Reader Jente Ottenburghs, who studies biology in the Netherlands, sent some photos taken in Tanzania and a note:

In April I went to Tanzania for a two-week birding trip. Because it was low-season, it was very quiet on the savannah, in terms of jeeps. But it is the best time for bird watching. During the trip, I realized that most tourists don’t give a hoot about the birds, they are only interested in the big mammals. They don’t know what they are missing!

Black-faced sandgrouse, Pterocles decoratus [can you spot the grouse?]

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Black-shouldered kite, Elanus caeruleus:

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Two grey crowned cranes, Balearica regulorum:

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Vultures on carcass (species not identified. Readers?):

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Hamerkop (Scopus umbretta):

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Here’s a picture of the hamerkop from Wikipedia, showing how it earned its name of “hammerhead”:

1024px-Hamerkop_standing_in_a_stream_in_Zambia