Monday: Hili dialogue

February 10, 2025 • 6:45 am

A new week has begun: welcome to Monday, February 10, 2025, and Oatmeal Monday. Here’s a lovely bowl of oatmeal I had at the inn where I was staying for the Kent Presents meetings in August of 2018: Look at all the nuts, fresh and dried fruits, maple syrup, and a pitcher of cream.

Superb Owl News: (h/t Barry). First, Google “Superbowl” and see what you get.

It was indeed a rout: The Philadelphia Eagles stopped the Kansas City Chiefs cold in the Superbowl, crushing the Chiefs 40-22:

A more fragile team would have folded. It wouldn’t have made it back here, because it wouldn’t have been able to weather the series of storms this Philadelphia Eagles franchise faced along the way.

And it wouldn’t have halted history on the sport’s biggest stage.

Certainly not like that.

But these Eagles were different — defiant, even. And on Sunday night in Super Bowl LIX, they were utterly dominant. Their reward is the franchise’s second Super Bowl win, a stunning 40-22 rout of the two-time defending champion Kansas City Chiefs at Caesars Superdome in New Orleans, a resounding victory that avenges a gutting, last-second Super Bowl loss two years ago to these same Chiefs and returns the city of Brotherly Love to the top of the football world.

This time, the Philly Special wasn’t needed.

This time, the Eagles’ defense was so devastating that Patrick Mahomes — already a three-time Super Bowl MVP before the age of 30 — staggered through one of the worst games of his seven-year NFL career.

This time, Jalen Hurts left no doubt.

Mahomes, under heavy duress throughout, was sacked six times and hit 11 times. He finished 21-for-32 for 257 yards, three touchdowns, two interceptions and a lost fumble, though most of Mahomes’ production came well after the game had been decided. The Eagles led 34-0 before the Chiefs even crossed midfield.

You can see the game highlights (turn off ad blockers) here; Philadelphia did some great passing and field-goal kicking. Taylor Swift will be sad and may write a song about the debacle.

From Cats Without Gods:

 

It’s also National “Have a Brownie” Day (why the scare quotes? are we supposed to only pretend we had a brownie?), National Cream Cheese Brownie Day, National Poop Day (the day you excrete the remains of the food you ate during yesterday’s Superbowl), National Flannel Day, International Cribbage Day, and Teddy Day, the day you give your beloved a teddy bear (it’s part of Valentine’s Day Week).  My parents gave me my Teddy, who is named Toasty and still resides in my office. Here he shows his age and his severe depilation:

Readers are welcome to mark notable events, births, or deaths on this day by consulting the February 10 Wikipedia page.

Da Nooz:

*It looks like Tulsi Gabbard and RFK Jr., both of whose nominations were endangered (for Director of National Intelligence and Secretary of Health and Human Services, respectively), now look as if they’ll squeak through Congress. That depends on Republicans voting as a bloc, of course:

Republican skepticism in the Senate of President Donald Trump’sCabinet nominees has been worn down, putting his unconventional choices for some of the most powerful positions in the federal government on the verge of confirmation.

Floor votes are expected this week on Robert F. Kennedy Jr., in line to be the nation’s health secretary, and Tulsi Gabbard, the choice for director of national intelligence. Both are from outside traditional Republican circles and espoused views in the confirmation process that alarmed GOP senators at times. Still, their nominations have advanced to the full Senate after crucial committee votes.

One by one, Republicans have acquiesced to Trump’s picks, even those whose personal history, lack of experience and unorthodox views would have once made them hardly imaginable for a Cabinet.

It’s a striking demonstration of how GOP lawmakers are standing by as Trump, in a show of force, disrupts the federal government and installs loyalists to lead key departments. Republican leaders in the Senate, eager to show Trump their worth, have chalked up confirmations at a rapid clip.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune, just a month into the role, has lined up a vote on Gabbard as the first order of business, followed by Kennedy later in the week. Already on the job is Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, who faced allegations over drinking and aggressive behavior toward women. And Republicans appear ready to soon install Kash Patel as FBI director.

. . . . The collapse of resistance has set a new tone in the Republican-controlled government and shown how even the most independent-minded lawmaker would rather work with Trump than risk crossing him. Trump himself has refrained from the threats to GOP skeptics that defined his first term and relied on Vance, a former Ohio senator, to quietly walk some of his former colleagues through their concerns.

“You can’t think of this just as a normal president coming into office for the first time,” said Sen. Markwayne Mullin, R-Okla., who was involved in the effort to get Trump’s nominees across the finish line. “Everybody I was dealing with was truly undecided trying to get to yes, and so it was just a process.”

Ceiling Cat help us, everyone!  RFK Jr. scares me the most because of his potential to actually kill people through stupidity.

*This WSJ article may explain why black and Hispanic voters, who went more for Republicans than expected in the last election,

Some of President Trump’s Black and Latino supporters say they are pleased with his immediate efforts to dismantle federal diversity, equity and inclusion programs, according to interviews conducted by The Wall Street Journal, though they were uneasy about the way he talked about race and some worried he might spark a rise in discrimination.

Ending so-called DEI programs—which include efforts to foster a more diverse workforce—was a frequent promise by Trump during the campaign, during which he broadly picked up a higher share of support from nonwhite voters than in his 2020 and 2016 bids.

Since taking office, Trump has made slashing DEI programs a priority, signing executive orders to eliminate programs within the federal government and ordering up lists of federal employees involved in those efforts. He also revoked a six-decade-old executive order that requires government contractors to proactively root out discrimination on the basis of race and sex.

While Democrats Joe Biden and Kamala Harris won nonwhite voters in both the 2020 and 2024 elections, Trump in 2024 saw an 8 percentage point increase with Black and Latino voters, as well as a 5 percentage point jump in support from Asian voters, according to the election survey AP VoteCast.

Nonwhite voters made up nearly a quarter of the national electorate during last year’s election, according to AP VoteCast, and more in some battleground states.

While Trump cannot run for re-election in 2028, Republicans are eager to keep these voters to hold their majorities in the House and Senate during the 2026 midterm elections and the White House two years later.

Here’s a graph from the AP showing the increase in minority voters who supported Trump in the last two elections (he lost in 2020, of course).  And it shows how wokeness helps the Democrats lose elections.

*The NYT “Trilobites” column, this time by Sara Novak, reports on a remarkable fossil finding: fossilized bones and soft tissue of plesiosaurs (large marine reptiles), all described in an article in Current Biology. 

With serpentine necks, flippers and a mouth full of needle-sharp teeth, plesiosaurs have captured imaginations since paleontologists uncovered the first specimen more than two centuries ago. Their skeletal anatomy is well documented, but their external appearance has largely remained a mystery.

Now researchers have conducted the first detailed analysis of plesiosaur soft tissue, offering a more complete look at what these real-life sea monsters might have looked like when they lived from 215 million to 66 million years ago.

Published Thursday in Current Biology, the findings suggest that some plesiosaurs had humanlike skin on their tail regions and fishy scales on their flippers, similar to the features of some living sea turtle species. The research highlights an evolutionary detour that runs counter to other ancient marine reptiles like ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs, which evolved away from scales in favor of skin, or much smaller scales, to allow them to move more efficiently through their marine habitats.

“These are iconic animals, and the way we reconstruct them hasn’t changed for nearly 200 years, so this is a big update,” said Miguel Marx, a doctoral student at Lund University in Sweden and lead author of the paper. “It changes our perspective on their evolutionary history and how they adapted to life in the ocean.”

Mr. Marx and colleagues analyzed three soft-tissue skin samples, each about the size of a fingernail, from a flipper and the tail of a 183 million-year-old long-necked plesiosaur specimen. The species is to be named in a future peer-reviewed paper. But the samples came from the Posidonia Shale in Germany, where the ocean chemistry preserved soft tissues. That left it frozen in time. Some of the tissue remains were so flawlessly fossilized that researchers could see skin cell nuclei under the microscope.

. . .While it’s difficult to know for sure how extinct animals would have maneuvered through their environments, Mr. Marx said that the scales observed on the plesiosaur had probably stiffened the trailing edge of the flipper, allowing for enhanced propulsion through the water, another feature shared with today’s sea turtles.

Plesiosaurs may also have used scales on their flippers for traction and protection as they sifted through sand and vegetation on the ocean floor for food. Previous research suggests that preserved marine trackways found near Ancona, Italy, came from plesiosaurs, another indication that they might have spent time feeding at the bottom of the ocean.

Here are some fossilized scales from a flipper (caption from paper):

Scales from the trailing edge of the right flipper in MH 7, showing their irregularly sub-triangular shape and light-colored midline sediment infill.

*We have the first pro-Palestinian encampment of the season, this time at Bowdoin College, a prestigious private liberal-arts school in Brunswick, Maine.

Student protestors with Bowdoin Students For Justice in Palestine have set up an encampment inside the college’s student union building and are now facing disciplinary action from the school.

The organization announced the protest Thursday as the college’s board of trustees was meeting. According to the release, the event was planned as a response to the administration’s lack of action on the Bowdoin Solidarity Referendum, a student initiative that passed with broad support in May that called on Bowdoin to, among other things, disclose investments in arms manufacturing and commit to not investing in defense industry funds in the future.

“Today, we launch this encampment, demanding that Bowdoin immediately commit to fully realizing all four demands of our referendum,” the announcement read.

“Trump has vowed his unequivocal support for Israel’s genocide, most recently calling for the United States to ethnically cleanse and ‘take over’ Gaza,” the Bowdin SJP announcement read. “Today, we act for our peers in Gaza and the West Bank, heeding the calls of Birzeit University professors and staff: “Gaza is not for sale. Palestine is not a real estate project.’”

Around midnight, Senior Associate Dean for Student Affairs Katie Toro-Ferrari told students they had to leave the encampment before 1 a.m. or face consequences.

“I want to make sure students understand that this could put them on the path where they are jeopardizing their ability to remain as Bowdoin students,” she told the Orient.

The paper reported that around 1 a.m., college security staff began collecting student IDs, but at least 50 protestors remained. On Friday morning, college security officers blocked access to the building wadsfjkith protestors still inside. Vice President of Student Affairs Jim Hoppe addressed the encampment in an 8 a.m. email to students.

Students began receiving notices about disciplinary hearings, according to posts on the Bowdoin Students For Justice in Palestine Instagram account. At around noon on Friday, the Orient reported that about 20 additional students broke past a line of security officers to enter the building.

In a Friday afternoon statement to the Press Herald, organizers of Bowdoin SJP said they would stay encamped for “as long as it takes” to convince the college to divest from weapons industries.

What do you think will happen to the students? Do you think any will suffer disciplinary sanctions? I’m guessing a big NO here, but stay tuned. Wait! There’s an update from the Bowdoin Orient:

Late on Sunday evening, a crowd gathered in front of the south entrance of Smith Union after receiving notice from protesters inside that the College would potentially act to remove the encampment. Protesters expected this removal after reportedly rejecting an ultimatum from the administration to clear out of Smith Union by 10 p.m. or face harsher consequences.

Around 11:15 p.m., students in the SJP encampment addressed the crowd from the second-floor window of Smith, saying that they received word from the administration that they will face immediate suspension if they do not leave the building by 8:30 a.m. on Monday, February 10. According to the same announcement, administrators also informed students that they must leave Smith by 5 p.m. the same day, with SJP organizers noting the potential for forcible removal or arrests. Many students remain in the encampment for a fourth consecutive night.

They could be suspended in less than two hours!

*Below is an ad that you saw yesterday if you watch the Superbowl. And people are objecting to it, rightly.

The first thing the ad shows is a scale. Over the soundtrack of Childish Gambino’s anthem “This is America,” a narrator laments the nation’s obesity crisis and “the system” that is “built to keep us sick and stuck.” It notes the “$160 billion weight-loss industry that feeds on our failure” as images of junk cereal, pie and a cheeseburger flash across the screen.

“Something’s broken, and it’s not our bodies,” the narrator says, adding: “There are medications that work, but they’re priced for profits, not patients.”

The minute-long ad, which will run during the Super Bowl, pitches a “life-changing” solution to all this: weight-loss drugs, as offered by the telehealth startup Hims & Hers. Viewers see a fridge stocked with Hims & Hers-branded vials of medications. These are compounded drugs, meaning they haven’t gone through the traditional approval process designed to safeguard against risks to consumers — a point the ad largely glosses over.

On Friday, Senators Richard Durbin, Democrat of Illinois, and Roger Marshall, Republican of Kansas, sent a letter to the acting head of the Food and Drug Administration saying the ad “risks misleading patients.”

“Nowhere in this promotion is there any side-effect disclosure, risk or safety information as would be typically required in a pharmaceutical advertisement,” they wrote.

The ad has also drawn the ire of some doctors who prescribe obesity drugs, as well as the Partnership for Safe Medicines, a coalition of nonprofit organizations including some that are affiliated with the drug industry. The group sent a letter to the F.D.A. on Thursday calling the ad “dangerous” and warning it only discloses that the medications are compounded briefly and in a small font. The organization called on the Fox Corporation to withdraw the ad.

“Americans don’t understand the safety profile of compounded medications. So when you make a drug ad and don’t disclose it, there’s a safety problem,” said Shabbir Imber Safdar, the executive director of the Partnership for Safe Medicines.

. . .Hims & Hers and its rivals have used savvy marketing and convenient virtual prescribing platforms to bring compounded weight-loss drugs to the masses. The company and other telehealth platforms like it have capitalized on a stipulation that allows compounding pharmacies to dispense their own versions when brand-name drugs like Ozempic are in short supply.

By some estimates, millions of people are now taking compounded versions of these drugs. Hims & Hers has said around 100,000 consumers have signed up for its weight-loss program, which includes compounded medications. The company’s revenue jumped by over 50 percent from the previous year in the months after it started offering access to compounded weight-loss medications.

These compounded medications cost a fraction of the list price for brand-name drugs. As the ad frames it, that’s giving consumers access to the same kind of powerful medications, free of the bureaucracy of “the system.”

Some experts disagree. “The idea that this for-profit company is not exploiting you financially because it’s making it a little bit cheaper to get knockoff Ozempic — that is a wild claim,” said Kate Manne, the author of the book “Unshrinking: How to Face Fatphobia.”

To Mr. Safdar, the ad is “like running an ad for a Cadillac and not telling anybody that the car you’re selling is made by a Yugo.” It shows injector pens that look similar to Ozempic and Wegovy, but with brand names blurred out.

Here’s the ad:

 

Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili resembles a hungry bird:

A: You look like an owl.
Hili: I look like somebody who is waiting too long to be served at the table.
In Polish:
Ja: Wyglądasz jak sowa.
Hili: Wyglądam jak ktoś, kto zbyt długo czeka na podanie do stołu.

*******************

From Stacy:

From: 2025 Darwin Awards!!/Epic Fails!!

From: Meowa demonstration of cat genetics:

Masih retweeted a personal experience from Gad Saad that he recounts here for the first time:

From Malgorzata. It never ends. . .

Another from Malgorzata. If you thought Hamas was evil, well, this will buttress that view:

This is from a Republican member of the New York City Council who resigned from the Women’s Caucus:

From Malcolm; beautifully athletic cats:

From the Auschwitz Memorial, one that I reposted:

A 12-year-old German Jewish girl gassed to death upon arriving at Auschwitz.

Jerry Coyne (@evolutionistrue.bsky.social) 2025-02-10T11:12:29.970Z

Two posts from Doctor Cobb. First, Jack Lemmon’s amusing gravestone:

How did this gator get the hat, and how did it put it on its head?

In a sentence never before uttered by humans, I am delighted to share that an alligator stole my conservation instructor’s hat by jauntily walking into the water while wearing it 🐊

Samantha Maich (@samanthamaich.bsky.social) 2025-02-08T00:20:36.536Z

 

Ideology trumps biology: Three evolution societies again issue a misleading statement about the definition of sex (Post #30,000)

February 9, 2025 • 10:45 am

I wish I had a happier post for number 30,000, but you’re stuck with this one. However, it’s in line with the kind of stuff I’ve been writing about for a while, so it’s appropriate.

Today we must deal with a letter from the Presidents of three organismal evolution and ecology societies (The Society for the Study of Evolution, American Society of Naturalists, and the Society of Systematic Biologists), a Diktat declaring that biological sex is not binary, exactly as they did in 2018 (same societies, almost the same statement).  Both letters were also responses to statements by the U.S. government headed by Trump, taking issue with the government’s position that sex is binary. HHS incorrectly used genitalia as an earlier criterion for what was binary, but Trump’s new Executive Order uses an accurate definition of sex, one based on whether an individual’s reproductive apparatus is set up to produce large immobile or small mobile gametes. (I guess I should make the requisite disclaimer that while I agree with much but not all of Trump’s statement, that doesn’t mean I endorse Trump!)

My critique of the 2018 statement is posted at this site. I took the position that scientific societies shouldn’t take ideological stands unless they are attacking an ideology that damages the mission of the society itself, and are making a statement that corrects an incorrect but widespread view.  Well, this again applies here: these three societies are attacking a biological fact: the binary definition of biological sex, something well within the ambit of biology societies. The problem is that, as in 2018, the three societies are using misleading and false arguments to show that biological sex is a spectrum.  Further, as in 2018, the motivation for this statement does not appear to be a scientifically-based attempt to correct government misinformation, but rather seems to be ideological.  In fact, biologists have recognized sex as binary (with a few very rare exceptions) since the late nineteenth century, and have based the binary conclusion on the fact that all animals and plants produce two types of gametes, with no intermediates (see below for references).

The desperate attempt in this letter, and the one in 2018, to show that sex is a spectrum intends, I think, to buttress those people who either feel they don’t belong in one of the two sexes, are transsexual (a behavior that assumes two sexes) or feel that they are somewhere in between—or even members of neither sex. But the attempt is misguided, for, as I’ve said repeatedly, morality, as The Naturalistic Fallacy and The Appeal to Nature Fallacy argue, should not be strongly based on biological reality. Observing nature does not tell us what is right or wrong, or specify how we should behave towards others.

However, the 2018 and present letters, instantiate a third falacy—what Luana Maroja and I call the “reverse naturalistic fallacy” described in our Skeptical Inquirer paper (bolding is mine below):

Both fallacies lead to the same errors. First, if we condition our politics and ethics on what we know about nature, then our politics and ethics become malleable to changes in what we discover about nature later. For example, the observation that female bonobos rub each other’s genitals as a bonding behavior has been used to justify why human homosexuality is neither offensive nor immoral. Bonobo behavior is, after all, “natural.” (Similar same-sex behaviors have been reported in many species and have been used to the same end.) But what if no such behavior had been seen in any nonhuman species? Or what if the bonobo observation was shown to be wrong? Would this make homosexual behavior immoral or even criminal? Of course not, because enlightened views of homosexuality rest not on parallels with nature but on ethics, which tells us that there’s nothing immoral about consensual sex between adults.

Second, we must realize that many behaviors that are “natural” because they’re found in other species would be considered repugnant or immoral in our own. These include infanticide, robbery, and extra-pair copulation. As one of us wrote, “If the gay cause is somehow boosted by parallels from nature, then so are the causes of child-killers, thieves and adulterers.” But we don’t really derive our morality or ideology from nature. Instead, we pick and choose those behaviors in other species that happen to resemble a morality we already have. (People do exactly the same thing—ignoring the bad behaviors and lauding the good ones—when they pretend to derive morality from religious texts such as the Bible.)

All the biological misconceptions we’ve discussed involve forcing preconceived beliefs onto nature. This inverts an old fallacy into a new one, which we call the reverse appeal to nature. Instead of assuming that what is natural must be good, this fallacy holds that “what is good must be natural.” It demands that you must see the natural world through lenses prescribed by your ideology. If you are a gender activist, you must see more than two biological sexes. If you’re a strict egalitarian, all groups must be behaviorally identical and their ways of knowing equally valid. And if you’re an anti-hereditarian—a blank slater who sees genetic differences as promoting eugenics and racism—then you must find that genes can have only trivial and inconsequential effects on the behavior of groups and individuals. This kind of bias violates the most important rule of science, famously expressed by Richard Feynman: “The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool.”

Thus the latest letter, like the earlier one, is apparently written to try to convince people that in reality sex is not binary in nature, thereby buttressing gender-activist ideology.  It is not meant to clarify mistaken biological views. In fact, the letters muddy the waters by presenting a misguided view of sex and giving it the imprimatur of biological societies. As we’ve learned so often recently, though, what scientific societies and journals say often flouts the truth, intended to be ideological rather than scientific.

The problem, then, is not that the societies are making a political statement about biology. The problem is twofold. First, the societies’ attempt to buttress their biological argument is wrong, involving a lot of misleading assertions—all in three short paragraphs.

Second, the Presidents of the Society say they are speaking not only for the 3500 scientists who belong to their organizations, but also for the majority of biologists, saying that their conception of sex represents a scientific “consensus”.   It does not, nor do they know this. They did not poll their members before issuing their statement, and they buttress their argument by citing just two papers, one a very short Scientific American op-ed showing that the development of biological sex is complex and can be derailed by a number of mutations, the other a Nature paper by a freelance science journalist who uses a similar argument: the process of sex determination is “complex.” Indeed it is, but development is always complex, and yet, remarkably, evolution has channeled it into two pathways with similar destinations in all animals and vascular plants, producing, by a variety of developmental processes, two types of individuals in these species, one producing sperm and the other eggs. And that journalist, as you see below, doesn’t support the statement at all! Did they even bother to check that? (h/t: a reader below):

The best refutation of the letter below is actually Richard Dawkins’s Substack piece on the binary nature of sex (excerpted from a forthcoming essay), “Is the male female divide a social construct or a scientific reality?” I recommend that you read it after you read the letter below. But I’ll give one quote from the piece first, showing Dawkins presenting the “Universal Biological Definition” (UBD) of sex:

It is no idle whim, no mere personal preference, that leads biologists to define the sexes by the UBD. It is rooted deep in evolutionary history. The instability of isogamy [the condition in which all individuals have gametes of the same size], leading to extreme anisogamy [the condition in which individuals have gametes of different sizes, meaning two], is what brought males and females into the world in the first place. Anisogamy has dominated reproduction, mating systems, social systems, for probably two billion years. All other ways to define the sexes fall afoul of numerous exceptions. Sex chromosomes come and go through evolutionary time. Profligate gamete-spewing into the sea gives over to paired-off copulation and vice versa. Sex organs grow and shrink and grow again as the aeons go by, or as we jump from phylum to phylum across the animal kingdom. Sometimes one sex exclusively cares for the young, seldom the other, often both, often neither. Harem systems change places with faithful monogamy or rampant promiscuity. Psychological concomitants of sexuality change like the wind. Amid a rainbow of sexual habits, parental practices, and role reversals, the one thing that remains steadfastly constant is anisogamy. One sex produces gametes that are much smaller, and much more numerous, than the other. That is all ye know of sex differences and all ye need to know, as Keats might have only slightly exaggerated if he’d been an evolutionary biologist.

On to the letter, and I’ll try to be brief since Richard’s piece shows the fallacies inherent in their defense of a “spectrum” of biological sexes. The letter is indented, and you can see the original by clicking the title below:

Policy: Letter to the US President and Congress on the Scientific Understanding of Sex and Gender

Contributed by kjm34 on Feb 06, 2025 – 11:35 PM

President Donald J Trump
Washington, DC

Members of the US Congress
Washington, DC

February 5, 2025

RE: Scientific Understanding of Sex and Gender

Dear President Trump and Members of the US Congress,

As scientists, we write to express our concerns about the Executive Order “Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism And Restoring Biological Truth To The Federal Government”. That Order states first, that “there are two sexes…[which] are not changeable”. The Order goes on to state that sex is determined at conception and is based on the size of the gamete that the resulting individual will produce. These statements are contradicted by extensive scientific evidence.

Scientific consensus defines sex in humans as a biological construct that relies on a combination of chromosomes, hormonal balances, and the resulting expression of gonads, external genitalia and secondary sex characteristics. There is variation in all these biological attributes that make up sex. Accordingly, sex (and gendered expression) is not a binary trait. While some aspects of sex are bimodal, variation along the continuum of male to female is well documented in humans through hundreds of scientific articles. Such variation is observed at both the genetic level and at the individual level (including hormone levels, secondary sexual characteristics, as well as genital morphology). Beyond the incorrect claim that science backs up a simple binary definition of sex, the lived experience of people clearly demonstrates that the genetic composition at conception does not define one’s identity. Rather, sex and gender result from the interplay of genetics and environment. Such diversity is a hallmark of biological species, including humans.

We note that you state that “Basing Federal policy on truth is critical to scientific inquiry, public safety, morale and trust in the government itself”. We agree with this statement. However, the claim that the definition of sex and the exclusion of gender identity is based on the best available science is false. Our three scientific societies represent over 3500 scientists, many of whom are experts on the variability that is found in sexual expression throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. More information explaining why sex lies along a continuum can be found here, under the Education and Outreach tab. If you wish to speak to one of our scientists, please contact any of the societies listed below.

Carol Boggs, PhD
President
Society for the Study of Evolution
president@evolutionsociety.org

Daniel Bolnick, PhD
President
American Society of Naturalists

Jessica Ware, PhD
President
Society of Systematic Biologists
president@systematicbiologists.org

Oh dear; what a thicket of misguided argumentation we must make our way through here! Let’s take it paragraph by paragraph.

The first paragraph simply denies that there are two sexes, with sex defined by gamete size. These contentions, they say are contradicted by “extensive scientific evidence”.  But they cite only two papers supporting that, throwing out a number of traits connected with sex but not part of the UBD, a definition that goes at least as far back back as Robert Payne Bigelow in 1894. For a list of gamete-based definitions from different eras, see this paper by Carlos Y. Fuentes (pdf here); the article is in Spanish but should self-translate into English.  To check a more recent book, I just pulled the second edition of Doug Futuyma’s textbook Evolution on my shelf, whose various editions I taught from at Chicago. Sure enough, on p. 389 I find this:

Most sexually reproducing species have distinct male or female sexes, which are defined by a difference in the size of their gametes (ANISOGAMY). In ISOGAMOUS organisms, such as Chlamydomonas and many other algae, the uniting cells are the same size; such species have mating types but not distinct sexes.

I’ve pointed out before that the sex binary applies to all animals (including of course us) and all vascular plants, but not to protists, algae, and some fungi.  But the UBD of course centers on humans, not algae or fungi, for humans are the object of the letter below. (They do note that the trait diversity that produces a sex spectrum applies to all biological species!)

The second paragraph can be addressed by Dawkins’s excerpt above: it mentions a lot of traits associated with biological sex that show variation, but these are not part of the UBD itself.  Let me repeat his words again:

All other ways to define the sexes fall afoul of numerous exceptions. Sex chromosomes come and go through evolutionary time. Profligate gamete-spewing into the sea gives over to paired-off copulation and vice versa. Sex organs grow and shrink and grow again as the aeons go by, or as we jump from phylum to phylum across the animal kingdom. Sometimes one sex exclusively cares for the young, seldom the other, often both, often neither. Harem systems change places with faithful monogamy or rampant promiscuity. Psychological concomitants of sexuality change like the wind. Amid a rainbow of sexual habits, parental practices, and role reversals, the one thing that remains steadfastly constant is anisogamy. One sex produces gametes that are much smaller, and much more numerous, than the other. That is all ye know of sex differences and all ye need to know, as Keats might have only slightly exaggerated if he’d been an evolutionary biologist.

And of course we do see variation in sex organs, chromosomes, behavior, and so on, as well as “the lived experience of people”, which has nothing to do with any biological definition of sex. (What is the “lived experience” of sea urchins, foxes, or gingko trees, that would affect the binary nature of sex in those species?) In humans, the frequency of exceptions to the sex binary lies between 1/5600 individuals and 1/20,000 individuals. As I’ve said, that’s as close to a binary as you can get.

The authors also say this:

Scientific consensus defines sex in humans as a biological construct that relies on a combination of chromosomes, hormonal balances, and the resulting expression of gonads, external genitalia and secondary sex characteristics. There is variation in all these biological attributes that make up sex.

I have no idea what a “biological construct” is! What is the consensus about the meaning of that term?

The argument proceeds to cite a number of factors associated with sex in some but not all species, but, as Dawkins notes, these traits do not partake in the UBD noted by biologists well before we learned about chromosomes or hormones.

The authors fail to address this important question: if sex is defined by where an organism is positioned along dozens of variable axes, like hormone titer, lived experience, external genitalia, sex chromosomes (many species don’t have these), and other secondary sex traits (there’s a reason they’re called “secondary”!), then how do we determine what sex an individual is? It would have to be some kind of combinatorial, multifactoral analysis that takes all these factors into account. And of course it would result in the delineation of a gazillion sexes within many species—perhaps an infinite number in humans! Is that what the authors really believe?  If they say they are “male,” for example, how do they know that?

And yet I’m sure that all of the authors of this letter, if they work on animals or plants, would use the terms “male” and “female” without defining them.  For example, ASN President Daniel Bolnick, who works on stickleback fish, also sells them from his lab’s “stickleback stock center”. Below are the going prices. Note that they sell ony two sexes of stickleback: male and female. Why aren’t there more? Aren’t there sticklebacks with a lived experience that aren’t either male or female? How does Bolnick define these sexes and why aren’t there more of them?

I see this is running long, so I’ll make just two more points.

First, the spectrum of sex and the denial of the UBD is said not just to apply to humans, but to all species!  From paragraph two of the letter (my bolding):

Beyond the incorrect claim that science backs up a simple binary definition of sex, the lived experience of people clearly demonstrates that the genetic composition at conception does not define one’s identity. Rather, sex and gender result from the interplay of genetics and environment. Such diversity is a hallmark of biological species, including humans.

What?  All biological species have the kind of diversity that effaces the sex binary, so they must not participate in the UBD, either?  Did the authors realize what they were saying? Is sex a spectrum in elephants, possums, aardvarks, cougars, and so on?

Finally, note that the paper repeatedly emphasizes the authority of their societies, as if they were speaking for all their members. But their members were not polled on this (I’ve asked some), and so the statements must have come from the Presidents themselves or more likely the small board of officers of the societies.  It is a Diktat from on high, and the implied unanimity is false. Some members I’ve talked to in the last few days absolutely disagree with the statement and are even offended that they are implicitly characterized as agreeing that sex is non-binary.  Nor have several people I’ve talked to discerned a “scientific consensus” that sex is somehow defined by combining a number of traits in a multifactoral way.

The statement below should and will offend the many members of these societies who do see sex as binary:

However, the claim that the definition of sex and the exclusion of gender identity is based on the best available science is false. Our three scientific societies represent over 3500 scientists, many of whom are experts on the variability that is found in sexual expression throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. More information explaining why sex lies along a continuum can be found here, under the Education and Outreach tab. If you wish to speak to one of our scientists, please contact any of the societies listed below.

Well, I could produce a long list of members of these three societies who do not endorse the letter above. (I was once President of the SSE and don’t endorse it, and I have considerable expertise examining the variability of sex expression in fruit flies. In the comments section below you’ll find another former SSE President who disagrees with their new letter as well.)

In the end, what we see here is three prominent organismal-biology societies having been ideologically captured to the point where they will twist and misrepresent scientific fact to buttress an ideologically-based view that sex is a spectrum.  These societies and their Presidents should be ashamed of themselves.  Scientific truth is not determined by pronouncements of the presidents of scientific societies, however notable these presidents may be.  The UBD is one of the great (and few) generalizations in evolutionary biology, a definition that’s been immensely fruitful in understanding things like sexual selection. It’s a great pity that these societies are trying to scupper the UBD simply to buttress an evanescent form of gender ideology.

Alan Sokal on guilt by association

February 3, 2025 • 11:30 am

All of us who have taken heterodox positions on even a single issue are liable to be tarred using accusations of guilt by association. Because I think that trans-identifying men should not be allowed to compete in sports against (biological) women, and that such trans people therefore don’t have exactly the same unlimited “rights” as  biological women, I am therefore often called a “transphobe”, allied with those nutjobs who don’t want trans people to have any rights—or even allied with Nazis. This of course is not an argument, but a simple slur that avoids the ethical issues, and it’s thoughtless, though such arguments do convince some of the witless. (If you want to see a site whose whole method is to go after people—especially Steve Pinker—by showing who they’ve met or are otherwise associated with, go here. The author of that site appears to know nothing of science, but uses association with hereditarians as a sign of being an overall horrible person: a “ghoul” or a “grifter.” LOL.)

Alan Sokal has pointed out the stupidity of guilt-by-association arguments in a short piece in The Critic (click below, or find it archived here):

Sokal’s introductory story is about a 12-year-old boy demonized by his teacher because he made a comment that reminded her of Margaret Thatcher. And that’s how it goes: back then, being like Thatcher in even one misconstrued way was enough to damn you to hell. Sokal then segues, unsurprisingly, into the demonizing regularly practiced by sex and gender extremists:

I’m no fan of Margaret Thatcher — to put it mildly — but should it really be a surprise that on some issues she might have the same ideas as pinko me? Is it truly so difficult for us lefties to concede that the conservatives might occasionally — OK, very occasionally — be right? (And of course vice versa.) Have we all now become so politically tribal that we are unable — or simply unwilling — to evaluate ideas on their merits?

[Philosopher Arianne] Shahvisi’s recounting of this story did not, of course, come out of the blue. The context was an essay of hers in which she accused “gender critical feminists” (the scare quotes are hers) of “fairy-tale fear-mongering that puts them in league with the far right”. One reader objected to “yet another article belittling gender critical feminists in your pages”:

Many who consider themselves left-leaning progressives are branded as being ‘in league with the far right’ for their opposition to an ideology which they regard as a dangerously regressive move by patriarchal capitalism to seize control of, and profit from, the bodies of children (increasingly young girls) and women.

— adding, astutely, that “it is telling that trans men are relatively invisible in all this: no one is chanting ‘Trans men are men’”. Unfazed by this exposure of her conflation of two radically different ideologies, Shahvisi doubled down on guilt-by-association, using her childhood story as “evidence”.

Sokal shouldn’t need to point out the obvious, but this tactic is ubiquitous these days, and we shouldn’t even engage in argument with people who judge people’s views solely by who those people associate with, or what magazines they sometimes read:

There is, in reality, nothing surprising or objectionable about the fact that people who disagree on issues X, Y and Z might nevertheless find themselves in agreement on issue W. Indeed, it is the contrary — unanimity of views within each tribe, with no overlap between them — that ought to be surprising and disconcerting.

But serious ethical and pragmatic questions nevertheless arise whenever one finds that people with whom one is ordinarily in disagreement — and whose ultimate goals differ radically from one’s own — may be on the same side as oneself on one or more discrete questions of public policy. Should one cooperate with “the other side” on those particular issues? And if so, to what extent?

Well, I regularly find myself tucked in bed with extreme conservatives, but that, to me, is not a problem, I just give my own views, and work on my own, not really “cooperating” with anybody. That’s one way to at least mitigate the tarring by association. I’ll quote Sokal at length when he extends Shahvisi’s argument:

So let’s follow Shahvisi’s example, but first set the facts straight by specifying more accurately what each tribe believes. Gender-critical feminists want to abolish, or at least to weaken, prescriptive gender norms: they want to liberate people of both sexes to pursue their own interests and talents and to follow their predilections, without regard to sex-based stereotypes or statistics. Social conservatives want to strengthen prescriptive gender norms: to reestablish a world in which men are masculine and women are feminine, in the traditional senses of the words, and everyone is at least publicly heterosexual. (These are, it goes without saying, broad-strokes generalizations; there are of course many differences of emphasis and detail within each camp.) The two philosophies are thus diametrically opposed[1].

But, despite this deep overall conflict, can there sometimes exist small points of agreement between the two tribes? Yes, there can; and this gives rise to serious dilemmas.

Should gender-critical feminists cooperate with social conservatives to ensure that post-pubescent people engaged in competitive sports should play in the category of their biological sex, not their self-declared “gender identity”? Or to ensure that puberty blockers should not ordinarily be prescribed to minors as a treatment for gender dysphoria outside of registered clinical trials?

To me the answer is obvious, at least for myself: you cannot cooperate with extreme social conservatives without giving at least some credibility to their other views—views with which you don’t agree (I would note my pro-choice stands and lifelong affiliation as a Democrat).  I will say what I think about puberty blockers (they shouldn’t be used till age 18 or so), and if conservatives want to quote me, fine. But I am not a member of any conservative organization that takes this stand, though I am friends with a group of like-minded liberals who have some gender-critical views.

Sokal winds up with the right conclusion, though: argue about policies and facts, not about associations.  Since I’m somewhat hermitic by nature, I don’t really cooperate with many organizations, and those I cooperate with, like Heterodox Academy or FIRE, have views I largely agree with.

The answer to these questions is far from obvious. But worrying about guilt by association — and worrying, above all, about the opprobrium emanating from those who, like Shahvisi and Judith Butler[2], wield it as a political weapon — mislocates the problem. Instead, what is needed is level-headed political analysis. The first and primary question is: What are the merits and demerits of the proposed policy? And if it appears that the merits outweigh the demerits, then the second question is: Do the short-term gains from tactical cooperation with “the opposition” outweigh the potential long-term liabilities? The pros and cons need to be assessed and argued carefully, not assumed a priori. People who conclude in good faith that the balance falls on the “pro” side (or, for that matter, on the “con” side) may of course be wrong — and it is perfectly fair to criticise their conclusion and their reasoning — but they should not be tarred as traitors, sell-outs or worse.

By contrast, the whole point of invoking guilt by association is precisely to circumvent this discussion — not only to circumvent the second step, but above all to circumvent the first: to denigrate the proposed policy, and render it anathema to all fair-minded people, without having to address its merits and demerits. That approach — need this really be said? — ought to be repugnant to anyone who advocates a thoughtful politics.

h/t: Jez

Ross Douthat tells us how to choose a faith if you’ve got that “god-shaped hole” (and apparently we all do)

February 3, 2025 • 9:45 am

Where do I begin with a piece so ridiculous, so imbued with superstition, and so dependent on seeing “truth” as “what makes you feel good”, that it would take hours to properly dissect it? I suppose I can say that this long op-ed by NYT columnist Ross Douthat, a religious Catholic and a conservative, seems to be of a piece with a new movement among liberals: softness towards religion.  All over the MSM, which includes the NYT and even The Free Press, we see articles telling us—despite the rise of “nones”—that we must have religion to keep society together; and (check the Free Press link), scholars, intellectuals, and public figures like Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Jordan Peterson are become more explicitly religious. They apparently have realized something that’s escaped the rest of us. Examine your belly, and perhaps you’ll see the “god-shaped hole” invariably mentioned in these articles.

In this piece (click below or find the piece archived her , Douthat tells us that, if we’re without faith, we have to fix that situation immediately. And then he tells us how to go about choosing a faith.  Speaking personally, I can’t find my god-shaped hole, nor do I feel I need a faith to improve my well being or give meaning to my life. Moreover, I don’t understand how, if I were to follow Douthat’s instructions and find a congenial faith (his is Catholicism, but he says others will do), I could force myself to believe something that I find unbelievable.  Perhaps some propagandizing, á la Orwell, could do it, but nobody wants that kind of treatment.

First, though, I give the data from a Pew Survey of America’s “nones”—people without a formal religious affiliation—from 2007 till now. You can see a more or less steady rise over time, with a stasis or even a drop occurring rarely, and then a 3% drop between 2022 and 2023.  I suppose that people like Douthat are pinning their “god-shaped hole” hypothesis on this one year of data, as if people in 2022 suddenly realized that their lives lacked meaning without God.  But seriously, we’d need more data than this to show that Americans are becoming less religious. My own guess is that “nones” will resume their increase, and then level off at an asymptote that is higher, representing a level of agnosticism or atheism that won’t be exceeded because there are some people that really do need religion or inherit it from their parents.

Remember, too, that some of these “nones” are spiritual, panthesists, or believers in something numinous or supernatural; they’re simply those people unaffiliated with a church. But even atheists and agnostics have grown; as Wikipedia notes in its article on “Irreligion in the United States“:

According to Pew, all three subgroups that together make up the religious “nones” have grown over time: in 2021, atheists were 4% (up from 2% in 2011), 5% agnostics (3% a decade before) and 20% “nothing in particular” (14% ten years before).  In 2023, atheists are still 4%.

Here are the nones:

Other countries are even more irreligious: here’s another Pew-file-derived map from 2010: 15 years ago, showing the percentage of “nones. Many countries then, like Australia, Canada most of Western Europe and Scandinavia, and of course China (formerly a godless Communist land) have more nones than America, and this trend is also increasing.

File licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

Here’s a figure from the WaPo showing the rise of atheism (not “nones”) in Iceland, and it’s striking: there are more nonbelievers than believers.

As for other countries in Scandinavia, I urge you to read Phil Zuckerman’s book Society without God: What the Least Religious Nations Can Tell Us About Contentment.  The book is based on interviews of Danes and Swedes, and the Amazon summary notes this:

What he found is that nearly all of his interviewees live their lives without much fear of the Grim Reaper or worries about the hereafter. This led him to wonder how and why it is that certain societies are non-religious in a world that seems to be marked by increasing religiosity. Drawing on prominent sociological theories and his own extensive research, Zuckerman ventures some interesting answers. This fascinating approach directly counters the claims of outspoken, conservative American Christians who argue that a society without God would be hell on earth. It is crucial, Zuckerman believes, for Americans to know that “society without God is not only possible, but it can be quite civil and pleasant.”

 

All this is to show that, at least in the West, religion is on the decline, and people like Douthat ignore all the data showing that. Rather, they are promoting faith because the world is not a particularly great place right now (some of it has to do with Trump, some with the wars in Ukraine and Gaza), and also because they are “believers in belief”, those who either aren’t religious but like the “little people” argument for belief, or, alternatively those who want to justify their own belief by showing how it helped them and could help others. I do think that religion can help some people, like Ayaan Hirsi Ali, who suffered from depression, but that in general it is a societal impairment: a form of delusion that we really can do without (see Pinker’s Enlightenment Now: The case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress).

On to Douthat’s Big Push for Faith:

The first thing he does is to assert, without any proof or links, that religion is on the rise and “nones” on the wane (I urge you to check out the link below):

The long rise of the Nones, Americans with no religious affiliation, has seemingly reached its limit, and a fascination with the numinous shadows our culture once again. Within the intelligentsia there is a wave of notable conversions and a striking nostalgia for belief.

The link goes to a Free Press article full of anecdotes: notable people like Jordan Peterson and Hirsi Ali who have become religious. But of course this says nothing about the general trend.  He then dismisses atheism, which is a bad thing to do.  Why go looking for the “right” religion for you when there is no evidence for a God? Later Douthat says that we don’t need to find a religion whose epistemic claims are true, but, for crying out loud, it’s a “god-shaped hole” and you must fill it by finding a religion with a god.  My definition of religion has always been Dan Dennett’s take from his book Breaking the Spell:

“social systems whose participants avow belief in a supernatural agent or agents whose approval is to be sought”

Now this may not apply to some forms of faith, like Zen Buddhism, but it’s good enough for me as it covers all the Abrahamic faiths as well as faiths like Hinduism. And remember, Douthat is concerned with filling the god-shaped hole to give our lives meaning:

The ultimate goal of the sincere religious quest is a relationship or an experience of grace that can’t be obtained through reasoning alone. But for the open-minded person who hasn’t received divine direction, a religious quest can still be a rational undertaking — not a leap into pure mystery but a serious endeavor with a real hope of making progress toward the truth.

Here we see another problem: Douthat never defines what “truth” is.  He dismisses the need to choose religions based on the empirical truth of their tenets, so I suppose he means the slippery notion of a “true” religion is “one that feels right.” And that’s how he largely proceeds in this tedious article.

To dispose of the need for empirical truths when choosing a faith, Douthat simply says that they’re all true in a way, but some are more true than others—that is, some feel more right than others:

The starting place for this endeavor is the recognition that Dawkins is simply wrong about the requirement for believers to disbelieve in every other faith. The bookstore of all religions isn’t necessarily a library of total falsehoods with one lonely truth hidden somewhere on the shelves, and embracing one revelation doesn’t require believing that every other religion is made up.

A sincere believer in Hindu polytheism, for instance, doesn’t need to assume that the singular God of the monotheistic faiths is just a fiction: Jehovah might be one deity among many, whose powers were exaggerated by his adherents but whose deeds were entirely real. Or alternatively a Hindu might interpret his faith’s pantheon as localized expressions of a single ultimate divinity and regard the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as a way of personifying that divinity as well.

. . .So the religious seeker, looking out across a diverse religious landscape, should assume that there exist less-true and more-true schools of thought, not one truth and a million fictions. And this suggests, crucially, that even if you start in what turns out to be a wronger-than-average place, you can still draw closer to ultimate reality by conforming yourself to whatever that tradition still gets right.

What does he mean by “gets right”?  But wait! There’s more!

. . . .This principle does not presume that all religions are identical, that there is no scenario in which any soul is ever lost. (Certainly it was not a matter of indifference to Lewis whether people worshiped Aslan or Tash.) The idea, rather, is that if God ordered the universe for human beings, then even a flawed religion will probably contain intimations of that reality — such that a sincere desire to find and know the truth will find some kind of reward.

Yep, any religion can fill part of that hole, perhaps not as neatly as a jigsaw puzzle, but better than atheism could.

He concludes that the more popular religions are more likely to be “true”, but that could be tautological if you define “truth” as “satisfying psychological needs”.  I still define “truth” as “what exists in the universe and can reliably be confirmed by others,” or, as the OED says:

Something that conforms with fact or reality.

NOT “something that makes you psychologically satisified”. That definition isn’t in there! Saying the more popular religions are more true is meaningless.  Douthat:

This doesn’t imply, however, that a religious search should begin at random. Rather, you should start the way you would in any other arena, by looking for wisdom in crowded places, in collective insights rather than just individual ones, in traditions that have inspired civilizations, not temporary communities.

If this sounds like an argument that the more popular and enduring world religions are more likely than others to be true, that’s exactly what I’m arguing.

Yes, if a new revelation suddenly arrives, there will be a moment when the truest faith will be one of the smallest. But if a faith claims to be much truer than the competition, it’s reasonable to expect proof of those qualities to emerge on a reasonable timeline, to see world-historical and not just individual effects. So for the novice, it makes sense to start with religions in which those effects are already manifest and there’s no question that the faith has staying power.

Here he seems to see “truth” as the OED sees it: a “true” religion makes empirical claims (“conforming with fact or reality”) that are verifiable.  But in that case no religion is truer than others!  And we all know about the conflicting empirical claims of even the major Abrahamic faiths: who was the prophet, was Jesus resurrected, what miracles were done, and so on.

I don’t want to repeat the criteria Douthat gives for choosing the best faith for you. (For example, if you don’t want too much supernatural stuff, he suggests you choose a more humanistic religion.) But there always has to be a god in it, and absent any convincing evidence for such a being (again, Douthat doesn’t discuss this), I don’t know why you should go choosing a religion in the first place, since all of them (according to my definition) include that supernatural being.

He moves more towards Christianity, of course, because he’s a Catholic.

Or the big question might be: How has God acted in history? In that case, you don’t want to start at the end of things, comparing the systems that the followers of Jesus or Muhammad or Buddha constructed to explain the revelation. You want to start with the taproot — with the allegedly divine person, the allegedly sacred book, the historical credibility of the story and the immediate consequences for the world.

If you have no strong reaction to the core stories, you can step back and use other questions to chart your path. But if you find Jesus to be a remarkable figure and the Gospels shockingly credible, if God speaks to you through the Bhagavad Gita or the Quran or the Pentateuch, if Buddha’s teaching seems like the answer to the riddles of your life — well, you probably shouldn’t simply return to the more abstract questions.

No: If you feel yourself to have a completely open mind and suddenly a specific text or figure leaps out at you, then you should take the possibility that God is speaking to you seriously; at the very least, it’s a signal that this is where you’re supposed to start.

But again: what is the evidence that God exists, much less than he’s speaking to you personally? Finally, Douthat winds up with a story that sort of pulls the reader towards Jesus:

Consider the story of religious pilgrimage offered recently by the British novelist Paul Kingsnorth. Raised to experience his isle’s Christianity as a hopeless antiquarianism, he found that spiritual interests grew naturally out of his environmentalism, which led into a commitment to Zen Buddhism, which lasted years but felt insufficient, lacking (he felt) a mode of true worship.

He found that worship in actual paganism, and he went so far as to become a priest of Wicca, a practitioner of what he took to be white magic. At which point, and only at that point, he began to feel impelled toward Christianity — by coincidence and dreams, ideas and arguments and some stark mystical experiences as well.

But it would have been unimaginable to him at the start of the journey that the Christian faith imparted to him weakly in his childhood — that “ancient, tired religion” as he put it — could have possibly been his destination in the end. Only the act of questing delivered him back to the initial place, no longer old and tired but fresh and new.

Clearly, Kingsnorth found the truth!

In the end, I consider the whole piece worthless given the lack of definition of a “true” religion and the slippery alternation between truth seen as psychological comfort and truth seen in the empirical sense as what really exists. And, of course, shouldn’t you begin your quest with evidence for god in hand?

At the conclusion of the piece, we learn that this spate of advice is taken from an upcoming book by Douthat:

This essay is adapted from the forthcoming book “Believe: Why Everyone Should Be Religious.”

That is one book I’m not going to review. And really, could Douthat tell me why I should be religious? I don’t harbor a god-shaped hole nor do I feel that my life lacks meaning. Douthat just wants to know that he’s in good company, living in a fully religious world.

h/t: Barry

Sunday: Hili dialogue

February 2, 2025 • 6:08 am

Welcome to Sunday, February 2, 2025, and it’s Groundhog Day! The livestream video is below; Punxsutawney Phil will be dragged out at 7:26 Eastern time to determine if he sees his shadow.  If he does, we will have six more weeks of winter weather; if he doesn’t, Spring will come early.

UPDATE: The rodent saw his shadow, so we have six more weeks of cold weather. Keep your coats handy!

It’s also Hedgehog Day, World Ukulele Day, California Kiwifruit Day (a friend calls them “gorilla balls”), Sled Dog Day, World Wetlands Day, Candlemas (celebrating the fictional presentation of young Jesus at the Temple), Marmot Day, Tater Tot Day (they make an awesome casserole), Crêpe Day, Heavenly Hash Day, and World Leprosy Day (the preferred name is now “Hansen’s Disease“).

To honor World Ukulele Day, here’s a fantastic rendition of “Something,” a George Harrison Beatles song, played live at the Royal Albert Hall at the “The Concert for George”. This was the first anniversary of George Harrison’s death (November 29, 2002). Paul McCartney begins by playing the ukulele, Harrison’s favorite instrument.  Clapton makes an appearance, along with other stars you’ll recognize if you know rock.  I love this version, and George would have loved it too. It begins simply, with Paul playing George’s ukulele, and transitions to the full Monty.

One of the readers’ comments says this, “Paul is playing a 1920’s Gibson Tenor Ukulele that was gifted to him by George. George Harrison had a very impressive ukulele collection, including two of George Formby’s banjo ukuleles.”

Readers are welcome to mark notable events, births, or deaths on this day by consulting the February 1 Wikipedia page.

Da Nooz:

*Trump began taking revenge on the FBI by firing six of its top officials because they were involved in the January 6 prosecutions,  And there are many more to come:

The Trump administration plans to scrutinize thousands of F.B.I. agents involved in Jan. 6 investigations, setting the stage for a possible purge that goes far beyond the bureau’s leaders to target rank-and-file agents, according to internal documents and people familiar with the matter.

The proposal came on a day that more than a dozen prosecutors at the U.S. attorney’s office in Washington who had worked on cases involving the Jan. 6 riot were told that they were being terminated.

The moves were a powerful indication that Mr. Trump has few qualms deploying the colossal might of federal law enforcement to punish perceived political enemies, even as his cabinet nominees offered sober assurances they would abide by the rule of law. Forcing out both agents and prosecutors who worked on Jan. 6 cases would amount to a wide-scale assault on the Justice Department.

On Friday, interim leaders at the department instructed the F.B.I. to notify more than a half-dozen high-ranking career officials that they faced termination, according to a copy of an internal memo obtained by The New York Times.

The acting deputy attorney general, Emil Bove, also told the acting leadership of the F.B.I. to compile a list of all agents and F.B.I. staff “assigned at any time to investigations and/or prosecutions” relating to the events at the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021 — the day a mob of Trump supporters stormed through the halls of Congress.

In issuing his directive, Mr. Bove, who has overseen an opening volley of threats, firings and forced transfers since the inauguration, cited Mr. Trump’s executive order vowing to end “the weaponization of the federal government.”

Under President Joseph R. Biden Jr., the government waged a “systematic campaign against its perceived political opponents,” including by deploying law enforcement to pursue its rivals, he said,’

It is expected that a narcissist with a personality disorder would indeed take revenge on those whom he sees as enemies. But in doing this, Trump himself has weaponized the federal government, using it as a club to beat anybody who did something he didn’t like. There is no doubt that many of those who engaged in the January 6 insurrection, and many of those who were pardoned or had their sentences commuted, were guilty as hell, and instead of judiciously pardoning those who did virtually nothing, Trump is aiming at the FBI agents engaged in the prosecution. As they say, this is not good optics.

*And he’s also taking revenge on Mexico, Canada, and China by threatening to impose stiff tariffs on products coming into the U.S. from those countries, and even imposing tariffs on products from the EU!

The U.S. will impose tariffs on computer chips, pharmaceuticals, steel, aluminum, copper, oil and gas imports as soon as mid-February, President Trump said Friday, opening a new front in his looming second-term trade wars.

“That’ll happen fairly soon,” Trump told reporters in the Oval Office, adding that he also wants to hike tariffs on the European Union, which has “treated us so horribly,” though he didn’t specify when or how high the duties would be. A representative for the European Union didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.

The announcement for those sector-based and EU tariffs appeared separate from the 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico, and 10% tariffs on China, which he had said would be implemented Saturday.

The duties previewed by Trump would come on top of existing tariffs on those products, he said, waving away any concern about the levies increasing inflation or snarling global supply chains.

“I think there could be some temporary, short term disruption and people will understand that,” Trump said. “The tariffs are going to make us very rich and very strong.”

In the short-term, leaders in Mexico, Canada and China—and CEOs of American companies—were hyperfocused on whether the president will include carve-outs for major industries that have lobbied him hard in recent days. His team has been in negotiations over how to potentially dial back tariffs on those countries from the across-the-board version the president has pledged, but officials have warned that Trump may still decide to go through with a full-throated approach.

Trump had said the Mexico and Canada tariffs will take effect if the countries don’t take steps to stop migration and drug trafficking over U.S. borders. He had promised to take a combative position with China over its role in the fentanyl crisis.

In the meantime, Canada, in a stiff rebuke, announced that it will impose tariffs on some American goods, which may cost American jobs. The tariffs, moreover are targeted at red states:

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada laid out more than $100 billion in retaliatory tariffs against the United States late Saturday, in a forceful response to President Trump’s decision to impose levies on a range of Canadian goods. But he made clear that Canada was doing so reluctantly.

“We don’t want to be here,” Mr. Trudeau said in a somber televised address from Ottawa that evoked the deep bonds between the two neighbors and close trading partners. “We didn’t ask for this.”

Mr. Trudeau spoke hours after President Trump hit Canada and Mexico with tariffs of 25 percent on all goods, with a partial carve out for Canadian energy and oil exports. Mr. Trudeau said that Canada would swiftly impose its own “far-reaching” retaliatory tariffs of 25 percent on 155 billion Canadian dollars ($106 billion) worth of U.S. goods.

Before Mr. Trudeau’s prime-time address, Canada had indicated that it would tax Florida orange juice, Tennessee whiskey and Kentucky peanut butter — products from states with Republican senators. Mr. Trudeau said on Saturday night that Canada’s tariff list would also include products like beer, wine, vegetables, perfume, clothing, shoes, household appliances, furniture and sports equipment, and materials like lumber and plastics.

There is no way that these tariffs will not result in higher prices to the consumer. I mean, computer chips? Metals? Avocados from Mexico? Consumers will notice and Trump voters will remember that high prices was one of the two major concerns that made them go for the Orange Man.  This will not make them happy.  As my father (an economist) taught me, tariffs are never good as they not only raise consumer prices, but lead to trade wars, which appear to have started already.

*Over at The Weekly Dish, Andrew Sullivan has”Some thoughts about how to grapple with Trump 2.o” in his latest column,  “Keep calm, carry on. . . and wait ”  He argues that the Democrats, but digging in on issues like immigration and DEI, are simply digging themselves into a hole. (Remember that Sullivan, like many of us, voted for Harris while holding his nose.)

For ten years now, the resistance has echoed Madonna, and opposed Trump as a fascist, racist, un-American harbinger of democratic collapse. That ended up as Kamala Harris’ final argument in 2024. And in 2025 … it’s exactly the same! The DNC tweets that Trump is “Rolling back 60 years of progress on civil rights.” Top Dems are bringing in psychologists to cope with Trump’s “authoritarian behavior.” Turn on MSNBC — and it is forever 2017. Nicolle Wallace and Joy Reid are still trotting out Hitler comparisons — though this time, on Holocaust Remembrance Day. Trump is still putting non-whites in cages — though this time, it’s federal workers.

And new polling shows that Kamala is still the front-runner for the nomination next time around. If she balks, why not Dukakis? He’s only 91. A spring chicken by Dem standards. Meanwhile, the DNC hopefuls are backing a truly vital reform: a pledge “to appoint more than one transgender person to an at-large seat, and that the pick reflects the diversity of the trans community.” Not just trans but BIPOC trans! And a host at the DNC forum, Jonathan Capehart, is blaming racism and misogyny for Kamala’s loss — and everyone on stage agrees.

All I can say is that this is undeniably good news for Trump. He knows how to beat Democrats at this game, and he will continue to do so. By opposing him furiously on everything — especially immigration and DEI — the Democrats will deepen the ditch they are already flailing about in. This week, New York Magazine published a cover-story about a party hosted by a black Trumpite, neglected to mention him, cropped the cover-photo to exclude several black faces, and then ran a headline about the “cruelty” of white Trump supporters. It’s an exhausted, racist trope — but Brooklyn hipsters love it. And who doesn’t want a national party that primarily appeals to Brooklyn hipsters? It’s worked so well so far!

Here’s the Big Crop for uber-woke New York Magazine:

Sullivan’s advice for Democrats, which is eminently sound but is being largely ignored by the party:

But if I were the Dems, I’d be less interested in the views of urban, Gaza-obsessed nonbinaries than those of your average American voter of any race. And the polling thus far suggests they like Trump’s immigration policies, still hate hiring on the basis of identity, and want less intervention abroad. In a NYT poll, 71 percent of Americans (including 54 percent of Dems) align with Trump on pushing back against sex reassignment for children; and 79 percent (including 67 percent of Dems) support him on preventing biological men competing with women in sports. That’s a mandate of sorts.

But Americans also strongly oppose pardoning violent J6 criminals, deporting those who came here as children, and prosecuting political opponents (73 percent oppose this, including 58 percent of Republicans). Americans want a leaner government, but if Trump brings chaos, they’ll rebel. They’re nervous about tariffs, and entitlements. In other words, if you calm down, support him on those issues where he is popular, and oppose him on those issues he isn’t, you might regain some traction by 2026.

Above all: do not make this a binary choice. If you do, Trump wins. Make it multiple choice, and he loses half the time. Focus on where Trump is vulnerable. Yes, on egregious violations of the law, or incompetence, call him out immediately. That’s how the spending freeze was unfrozen; that’s why Grassley and Durbin are already telling Trump to obey the law on his firing of Inspectors General. Judges are mobilizing. And this is how it is supposed to work. The Founders understood that the energetic executive they wanted could also over-reach. The Congress and courts were their solution. This is not the end of democracy. It’s just a testing period.

Yes, the last two sentences are right. This is NOT the end of democracy, and we will have more elections.  If anybody wants to bet me that there will not be a Presidential election in 2028, I’ll bet against you–big time.

*Using the University of Çhicago as an example, the National Review discussed the issues posed when grad students are forced to pay dues to a union that espouses political positions they find repugnant.

s Jay Kaplan walked through the Gaza solidarity encampment at the University of Chicago wearing a “Bring Them Home Now” dog tag supporting the Hamas-held hostages, protesters followed and filmed him. “Antisemitism abounded” at the encampment, said Kaplan, a doctoral candidate in molecular engineering. But his graduate student union championed the cause in emails and on social media, offering to help members facing university discipline. The union also committed itself to the BDS (boycott, divestment, and sanctions) movement, whose co-founder Omar Barghouti rejects the Jewish people’s right to self-determination in Israel, their ancestral home. According to the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), “the BDS movement doesn’t seek a two-state solution; it aims to dismantle the Jewish state.”

Kaplan was required to join the graduate union, with its $648 yearly dues, or forgo membership but pay it an equivalent amount as an “agency fee.” That’s because of an Obama-era National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) decision that in 2016 turned graduate students like Kaplan into employees. It makes them subject to unionization and payment of dues as a condition of their academic positions in private-sector institutions, except in 26 states with right-to-work laws that make union membership or payments voluntary.

If he bucked the requirement at UChicago, Kaplan would be terminated from his program. “The thought of paying money to a union that actively trashes my homeland and my beliefs made me sick,” Kaplan, who is Jewish, told me. His religious identity is tied to the land of Israel, which is deeply embedded in Jewish text, prayer, and ritual practice. He requested and eventually received a religious exemption under Title VII of the U.S. Civil Rights Act, which allows private-sector employees to divert their union dues or agency fees to charities, as it protects “all aspects of religious observance and practice as well as belief.”

With the number of graduate student unions across the U.S. increasing dramatically following the NLRB decision, more who are dedicated to their faith have turned to Title VII. Like Kaplan, they view the religious-objector route as a way of limiting their association amid a surge in union activism for ideologies that are irreconcilable with their deeply held beliefs.

But despite Title VII’s broad view of religion — lack of ritual observance is not necessarily a disqualifier, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regulations stipulate — exemption-seekers are hitting hurdles as the urgency to disengage from their unions intensifies.

Christians are objecting too, with one arguing that ““We really value the relationship that God, as described in the Bible, has with the people of Israel, and the belief in the one true God, that’s what we base our whole faith on.”

As one of my colleagues said, “Unions clearly don’t follow Kalven principles [of institutional neutrality]. Indeed, one of the most important roles that unions play is as political lobbyists.  They are not a University of Chicago affiliate, so they have that right. And, if students choose to be members of the union, they are accepting that reality.  What’s offensive is that all graduate students have to pay the agency fee to fund a union that some see as anti-Semitic, even if they do not join the union.”  And the National Review agrees:

Just as unions are free to agitate for positions that stray from core concerns of wages and work conditions, it stands to reason that employees whose faith conflicts with those ideologies likewise should be free: from funding, and in any way associating with, unions promulgating them.

Here is a link to the lawsuit brought by a group Graduate Students for Academic Freedom against the union and its local representing students at the University of Chicago. It looks like a winner to me.

*Finally, remember when Kamala Harris was interviewed on CBS’s widely-watched show “60 Minutes,” and people pointed out that the interview looked as if it had been edited to pare down Harris’s word salad? At the time, CBS refused to hand over the tape or a transcript, which seems to violate journalistic standards (see the last item in the Nooz here). Trump of course made a loud noise, but so did the Free Press, while of course the MSM largely ignored this, though it’s their bailiwick. Trump sued CBS for $10 million, and the station has just agreed to release the transcript:

CBS says it will turn over an unedited transcript of its October interview with Kamala Harris to the Federal Communications Commission, part of President Donald Trump’s ongoing fight with the network over how it handled a story about his opponent.

Trump sued CBS for $10 million over the “60 Minutes” interview, claiming it was deceptively edited to make Harris look good. Published reports said that CBS’ parent company, Paramount, has been talking to Trump’s lawyers about a settlement.

The network said Friday that it was compelled by Brendan Carr, Trump’s appointee as FCC chairman, to turn over the transcripts and camera feeds of the interview for a parallel investigation by the commission. “60 Minutes” has resisted releasing transcripts for this and all of its interviews, to avoid second-guessing of its editing process.

The case, particularly a potential settlement, is being closely watched by advocates for press freedom and by journalists within CBS, whose lawyers called Trump’s lawsuit “completely without merit” and promised to vigorously fight it after it was filed.

The Harris interview initially drew attention because CBS News showed Harris giving completely different responses to a question posed by correspondent Bill Whitaker in clips that were aired on “Face the Nation” on Oct. 6 and the next night on “60 Minutes.” The network said each clip came from a lengthy response by Harris to Whitaker’s question, but they were edited to fit time constraints on both broadcasts.

One might even think that CBS supported Harris’s candidacy by judicious editing, though they did invite Trump for an interview (he refused). But I always thought that Harris didn’t have her neurons together enough to be a good President (though a better one than Trump), and I’m appalled that even now people are vetting her as a candidate in 2028.  At any rate, it will be big fun to see her words in black and white.

Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili’s discovered the iPhone but missed the chance to take a good selfie:

Andrzej; What are you doing?
Hili: I’m learning to take selfies.
In Polish:
Ja: Co ty robisz?
Hili: Uczę się robienia selfie.

*******************

Here is my friend Natalies’ cat in Berlin; her name is Stupsi, and she says this

Stupsi sagt: „Ich liebe Sonntag morgen.“ [“Stupsi says, ‘I love Sunday morning]:

 

From Things With Faces:

From Cat Memes:

From Strange, Stupid or Silly Signs. Some curmudgeon made cards to chastise bad parkers!

On Thursday Swedish authorities announced that Salwan Momika, an Iraqi immigrant, was killed near Stockholm for having burned a Qur’an in public in 2023.  Five men have been arrested.

From Jez; there’s a whole thread of funny school-related things. Here are two:

From Simon. Larry the Cat, the Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office, wishes you a belated Caturday.  Here is a BAD CAT!

Happy #Caturday

Larry the Cat (@number10cat.bsky.social) 2025-02-01T15:13:10.832Z

From Malcolm: more BAD CATS acting up at becdtime!

From Luana, demonstrating Andrew Sullivan’s dictum, “We’re all on campus now”:

From the Auschwitz Memorial, one that I reposted:

A 12-year-old French girl was killed with cyanide gas upon arriving at Auschwitz.

Jerry Coyne (@evolutionistrue.bsky.social) 2025-02-02T11:22:29.355Z

Two posts from Dr. Professor Cobb. First, he enjoyed seeing the maloha yesterday and told Amar so. Amar respo0nded with more photos. It does look at if its beak is green, and if that’s a female at upper right, the species is sexually dimorphic:

Many of our Malkohas have these striking feature Matthew. Here is collage of a few.

Amar (@amarhss.bsky.social) 2025-01-31T06:00:08.314Z

A brittle star (an echinoderm) catching a squid, obviously from a video taken by a submersible. Watch the video! If you look at the Wikipedia article, it doesn’t mention any such behavior, though they’ll catch small crustaceans.

Since I mentioned the brittle star catching a squid in prior post, might as well share! @echinoblog.bsky.social was even calling in when it happened! That's a predation event I'll never forget. #MarineLife youtu.be/oHN4sWAuBVc?…

Lisa (@tuexplorer1.bsky.social) 2025-01-30T23:50:36.604Z

Stephen Fry on how the faults of the Left promoted the rise of the Right

January 30, 2025 • 1:20 pm

Here! I’ve been dealing with trivial stuff all day involving billing and the post office (the Black Hole of government agencies) and have had no time to write. Enjoy Stephen Fry’s hourlong talk on Triggernometry on why the American Left promoted the rise of the American Right. I’ve been saying that for a long time, but perhaps those who deny my claim will listen to Stephen Fry, who is a much Bigger Fish than I! And he’s way smarter and more eloquent. I recommend that you not neglect this video.

Burn the heretical Oxford English dictionary!

January 29, 2025 • 12:00 pm

I think people can use the links below to access the Oxford English Dictionary, which is also on our University of Chicago Library site.  I looked up definitions of “woman” and “female” to see what the OED says, as I regard it as the authoritative source of definitions used in everyday parlance.  So here we go, and I’ve put the links so you can check for yourselves.

woman

https://www.oed.com/dictionary/woman_n?tab=meaning_and_use#14234972

 

female” which gives a bit of a tautological definition for the noun usage:

But in the adjectival form, the OED gives a pretty accurate biological definition of “female”, though it adds “the gender identity associated with this sex”.

 

If you don’t like these (and feel free to browse around for definitions that you like better; I’ve given the first ones), complain to the OED, not me!

And, of course, things may change next year.