Debate postmortem II: Phil Plait goes all accommodationist

February 6, 2014 • 12:25 pm

Taking the same conciliatory tone that characterized his notorious “Don’t be a dick” speech, Phil Plait has taken it upon himself to tell us how to solve the problem of creationism in America. The answer is in Plait’s analysis of the Ham/Nye debate that he just posted at Slate: “The creation of debate.” In short, it’s this: scientists, says Plait, are doing an awful job at communicating evolution to the public, and that is why, at least in the U.S., there’s so much resistance to that branch of science. The answer is not in imparting more facts to people, but in convincing people that evolution is not contrary to their religion. In other words, he advocates the NCSE/Chris Mooney/BioLogos/Clergy Letter Project strategy of accommodationism.

What Plait doesn’t seem to realize is that that’s the strategy that people have been using for decades, and it hasn’t worked. Somehow, he thinks, evolution-promoters impart the message that evolution is antagonistic to religion, and tantamount to atheism.  Well, as a matter of fact it is, though it’s not always useful to discuss that explicitly that in public speeches. But we can’t pretend that it isn’t, for the message of evolution is one of pure materialism, of a process—natural selection—that involves horrible suffering, of ourselves as a species that is not in principle different in our evolution from any other species, of a species that doesn’t differ from other primates except by our bigger brains and our possession of culture and language—but not by our unique possession of a soul. The message of evolution is of an uncaring, unplanned, naturalistic process in which humans are just as evolved as, say, a possum.

And all of that is inimical to religious belief, which sees us as God’s Special Species, the one equipped with a soul and free will. The only way to comport theistic religion with evolution is by accepting theistic evolution, and the majority of those believers who accept evolution indeed adhere to the theistic version, believing that evolution was started and/or guided by God. Well excuse me, but that’s not the way scientists see it—any more than physicists see that God is really guiding the leptons and neutrinos in our cosmos.

But let me back up and give you some of Plait’s quotes:

Given that creationism is provably wrong, and science has enjoyed huge overwhelming success over the years, something is clearly broken in our country.

I suspect that what’s wrong is our messaging. For too long, scientists have thought that facts speak for themselves. They don’t. They need advocates. If we ignore the attacks on science, or simply counter them by reciting facts, we’ll lose. That much is clear from the statistics. Facts and stories of science are great for rallying those already on our side, but they do little to sway believers.

About last night’s debate, my colleague Mark Stern at Slate argues that Nye lost the debate just by showing up, and I see that same sentiment from people on social media. But I disagree. We’ve been losing this debate in the public’s mind all along by not showing up. Sure, science advocates are there when this topic comes up in court, and I’m glad for it. But I think that we need to have more of a voice, and that voice needs to change. What Nye did last night was at least a step in that direction, so in that sense I’m glad he did this.

Isn’t Richard Dawkins an advocate? Isn’t David Attenborough an advocate? Isn’t E. O. Wilson an advocate? Weren’t Steve Gould and Carl Sagan advocates? Does Plait really think that in this Era of Evolution, the way forward is to have more debates like the one with Ham and Nye? Well, it’s not that simple. According to Plait, we need not more popularizers like Dawkins (who, I think, has done more to promote the acceptance of evolution than any accommodationist around), but more accommodationists (my emphasis):

But we need more, and it’s not so much what we need as who. Let me explain.

. . .. But Ham is insidiously wrong on one important aspect: He insists evolution is anti-religious. But it’s not; it’s just anti-his-religion. This is, I think, the most critical aspect of this entire problem: The people who are attacking evolution are doing so because they think evolution is attacking their beliefs.

But unless they are the narrowest of fundamentalists, this simply is not true. There is no greater proof of this than Pope John Paul II—who, one must admit, was a deeply religious man—saying that evolution was an established fact. Clearly, not all religion has a problem with evolution. Given that a quarter of U.S. citizens are Catholics, this shows Ham’s claim that evolution is anti-religious to be wrong.

So evolution is not anti-religion in general. But is it atheistic? No. Evolution takes no stand on the existence or lack thereof of a god or gods. Whether you think life originated out of ever-more complex chemical reactions occurring on an ancient Earth, or was breathed into existence by God, evolution would take over after that moment. It’s a bit like the Big Bang; we don’t know how the Universe came into existence at that moment, but starting a tiny fraction of a second after that event our science does a pretty fair job of explanation.

I can’t stress this enough. The conflict over the teaching of evolution is based on the false assumption that evolution is antagonistic to religion. This is why, I think, evolution is so vehemently opposed by so many in the United States. The attacks on the specifics of evolution—the claims about irreducibility of the eye, for example, or other such incorrect statements—are a symptom, not a cause. I can talk about how we know the Universe is old until the Universe is substantially older and not convince someone whose heels are dug in. But if we can show them that the idea of evolution is not contrary to their faith, then we will make far, far more progress.

Phil Plait’s “false assumption” is in fact a true assumption. Not only is evolution antagonistic to religion, but the methods of science are antagonistic to religion. Evolution just happens to be the one branch of science whose implications are sufficiently antireligious to inspire direct, persistent, and vociferous opposition.  If you use the methods of science, then your religious beliefs don’t stand up under scrutiny.  Indeed, evolution takes no direct stand on gods, but can’t Plait see that its message is anti-God? That is why most evolutionists, and most good scientists, are atheists.

As  for the Catholic Church, they are not down with religion in the same way scientists are. Catholic dogma still holds that Adam and Eve were the literal progenitors of all humanity. Science tells us that’s wrong. And if Adam and Eve didn’t exist, and didn’t sin, then what’s the point of Jesus; indeed, what’s the point of Christianity? Catholics also believe in theistic evolution: it is their explicit dogma that humans were endowed by God with a soul at some point in our evolution. Does Plait believe that? If not, then scientific evolution is at odds with Catholicism. As I note in my 2012 paper in Evolution:

Nevertheless, 27% of American Catholics think that modern species were created instantaneously by God and have remained unchanged ever since, while 8% do not know or refuse to answer.

And most of the rest of them are probably theistic evolutionists who buy into the soul business, or think that Adam and Eve really existed.

Note that Plait is engaging in theology here, exactly as everyone who claims that evolution is compatible with religion engages in theology. Try telling a Southern Baptist, a devout Muslim, or a Pentacostal Christian that naturalistic evolution comports perfectly with their faith, and by so doing changing their mind! Even Bill Nye, with his accommodationist palaver at Tuesday’s debate, couldn’t accomplish that task. That is why BioLogos has failed, why the Clergy Letter Project has failed, and why the acceptance of evolution in the last 30 years has failed. (Note that New Atheism, if you date it from The End of Faith, is but a decade old.) During most of that time, the strategy has been one of accommodation (or saying nothing about religion). The reason why the statistics on accepting evolution are flat is not because people like Dawkins tell Americans that evolution is incompatible with their faith; it’s because people have faith, and that immunizes them against accepting evolution.

Plait has a kumbaya touch in his peroration:

That’s not to say I’ll stop talking about the science itself. That still needs to be discussed! But simply saying science is right and faith is wrong will never, ever fix the problem.

And this won’t be easy. As long as this discussion is framed as “science versus religion” there will never be a resolution. A religious person who doesn’t necessarily think the Bible is literal, but who is a very faithful Christian, will more likely be sympathetic to the Ken Hams than the Bill Nyes, as long as science is cast as an atheistic dogma. For example, on the Catholic Online website, the argument is made that both Ham and Nye are wrong, and casts science as an atheistic venture.

That must change for progress to be made.

And who should do this? The answer to me is clear: Religious people who understand the reality of science. They have a huge advantage over someone who is not a believer. Because atheism is so reviled in America, someone with faith will have a much more sympathetic soapbox from which to speak to those who are more rigid in their beliefs.

I know a lot of religious folks read my blog. I am not a believer, but I hope that my message of science, of investigation, of honesty, of the joy and wonder revealed though it, gets across to everyone. That’s why I don’t attack religion; there’s no need. I am fine with people believing in what they want. I only step up on my own soapbox when a specific religion overreaches, when that belief is imposed on others.

I think Plait has it backwards. To get broader acceptance of evolution, we have to change or dissolve those religions that immunize people against evolution—and that includes the faiths of least 46% (and more like 80%) of Americans. That is a lot of religions! We will always have creationism so long as religion is with us—even Catholicism.  I can’t prove this, but I don’t see BioLogos, or the Clergy Letter project, as having much influence; in fact, BioLogos got rid of those very people who insisted on the veracity of science, and now the organization is busy driving itself nuts about the Adam and Eve issue. That’s because many Christians won’t accept a science that tells them that Adam and Eve didn’t exist. Where’s the compatibility in that?

And, of course, the benefits of getting rid of religion extend far beyond allowing more acceptance of evolution. As I’ve always said, creationism is one of the smallest problems created by religion in America. You want a real problem? How about the guilt instilled in everyone by the Catholic Church? How about the way they police people’s marriages and sex lives, and torture children with thoughts of hell? How about the marginalization of women by nearly every faith, most pervasive in Islam? How about the inter-religious wars in other lands that kill so many? Next to those things, creationism is just a mote in the eye of the cosmos.

It does the world a profound disservice to try to make people accept evolution by coddling their delusions.  In the end, many religious folks are in some ways smarter than Plait, for they see more clearly than he that the implications of evolution undermine the foundations of their faith.

So my message to the good Dr. Plait is this: you are practicing theology in this piece, and it’s a form of theology not shared by many Americans. While I stand with you in wishing that Americans would abandon their foolish denial of evolution, we differ in our methods. I don’t think yours will work, but I won’t tell you to stop it. In return, please stop telling me to stifle myself. I am fully satisfied that I’ve brought more people to evolution than turned them away from it.

And remember, Dr. Plait, that your doctorate is in astronomy, not theology.

Debate postmortem I: Christian Science Monitor discusses creationist reaction

February 6, 2014 • 8:56 am

Today I’ll post four short postmortem analyses of the Nye/Ham debate on evolution vs. creationism, all from different venues.

I talked several times to Sudeshna Chowdhury, a science writer at the Christian Science Monitor who produced a postmortem analysis of the Big Debate in her paper: “Bill Nye vs. Ken Ham: Who won?” While it quotes Professor Ceiling Cat, you already know that stuff, and most of the article’s contents also summarize what you already know if you watched or followed the debate. What interested me, however, was Ms. Chowdhury’s interviews with creationists, which reveal a schism in that movement as well as a nonconvincing rationalization by the faithful of Ham’s performance.

One scientific correction first: Chowdhury quotes me about the ways to check the accuracy of radiometric dating:

“The debate was Ham’s to win and he lost. And the debate was Nye’s to lose and he won,” Dr. Coyne told the Monitor. Nye missed some great opportunities and if he was on top of his game, he could have really called Mr. Ham out, he says.

For example – Ham is simply wrong in saying that there’s no way to test whether radiometric dating is accurate. “We have ways to cross check radiometric dating,” he says.

Independent checks on radiometric dating include studies of coral deposits, plate tectonics, the periodic reversal of the Earth’s magnetic fields, and the slowing of the Earth’s rotation.

This is all true, and there are many other ways as well (for a cogent summary of the various methods, go here).  But I was referring specifically to the isochron method, whereby different minerals in the same igneous rock serve not only as a cross-check on each other’s dates (and invariably agree), but also take into account the possibility that different minerals were formed with different amount of parent isotopes (these “criticisms” were mentioned by Ham in the debate). For a description of the isochron analysis, go here.  It’s actually quite a clever method, and not hard to understand. Remember that radiometric dating for old samples is done almost entirely using igneous rocks, while fossils form in sedimentary rocks, so fossils are usually dated using adjacent igneous material.

But that aside, here are a few statement from Chowdhury’s piece. First, Michael Behe is predictably butthurt that Ham ignored Intelligent Design, many of whose advocates don’t agree with Ham’s Biblical literalism or belief in a young earth:

“I was upset that both the parties kept talking on about the age of the Earth than on the elegance and complexities of life,” says Michael J. Behe, a biology professor at Lehigh University and an advocate of Intelligent Design, a form of creationism that rejects a literal biblical view of origins, but asserts that there exist ‘irreducibly complex’ biological structures, such as protein transport mechanisms, that point to their creation by an intelligent entity. Dr. Behe is one of the few proponents of this view to hold a position in the biology department of an accredited university in the United States.

“I think neither of them did too well,” he said.

Poor Behe! He and his views were not publicized. I would love to see someone like Behe debate someone like Ham. Now wouldn’t it be fascinating to see two forms of creationists fighting about whose interpretation of the Bible was correct (Behe, of course, would try to leave the Bible out of it, for IDer pretend to be agnostic about the identity of the Great Designer)? But I doubt we’ll ever see such a debate, for the old- and young-earth creationists have a greater interest in promoting their common belief in God and Jesus than in squabbling about who created what and when.

One preacher even suggests that Ham threw the debate out of a Jesus-inspired love of his opponent. Now how many of you believe that?:

Ezra Byer, blogging for the website Powerline Kingdom Ministries, a site that seeks to [Use] the Power of Media to Display Jesus, Develop Disciples, and Deepen Lives” argued that Ham lost the debate in the narrow sense, by failing to provide compelling factual reasons for why he held is views, but won it in a larger sense by raising awareness of biblical creationism, emphasizing the importance of a 6,000-year-old Earth, and preaching the Gospel to a large audience.

Byer suspects that Ham may have even thrown the game on purpose. He writes: ” As I watched Mr. Ham’s mannerisms, you could sense a tremendous Spirit about him. He was gracious and the power of God showed through his life. There were multiple times I believed he could have hammered Nye on some of his inconsistencies but in my opinion chose not to.”

God softened Pharaoh’s heart!!

Finally, there’s some undiluted criticism of Ham from his fellow religionists (Don Boys, described as a “strong, fundamental Baptist preacher who believes that the Word of God will produce character in people who hear and obey its teachings,” is probably a Biblical literalist):

Even those who thought Ham won the debate say the Creation Museum founder could have done much better. Don Boys, the author of “The God Haters: Shallow Scholars, Silly Scientists, Pagan Preachers, and Embattled Evolutionists Declare War on Christians!” [exclamation point in original] said Ham won but didn’t hit a “grand slam.” He criticized Ham for getting drawn into a discussion about the precise age of the Earth and the construction of Noah’s Ark. Still, writes Dr. Boys, “this was not a Scopes Trial, 2014. Ken Ham was far more informed than William Jennings Bryan.”

The problem is that Ham could hardly have avoided being drawn into such a discussion, given that he was supposed to be defending his model of origins, which is literalist. How do you do that without mentioning a young eEarth and Noah’s ark as the mechanism for species preservation and a source of ancestors for post-Ark “microevolution”?

As for Ken Ham being far more informed than William Jennings Bryan, that’s only the case because science has raised more facts that Ham has to sidestep.  Bryan, in fact, wasn’t a young-earth creationist (he waffled on the issue at Dayton), making him less extreme in that respect than is Ham.

Why are there no more large flying birds?

February 6, 2014 • 6:33 am

by Matthew Cobb

As is well known, Professor Ceiling Cat can’t be doing with Tw*tter. Here’s yet another example of why he’s wrong, and should learn that that micro-bl*gging site is not just for knowing what celebrities had for breakfast or for launching cyber lynch mobs.

I was listening to Radio 4’s ‘Tweet of the Day’ this morning at 05:58. It featured the bizarre call of the Great Bustard (it sounds roughly like someone blowing their nose and farting at the same time). The Great Bustard is a large bird that was hunted to extinction in the UK, but has recently been reintroduced and is now successfully breeding. Chris Packham, who did the commentary, claimed that at 16 kg the Great Bustard is one of the heaviest extant flying birds.

This struck me – 16 kg isn’t much. Is this an absolute limit to flying? What about those pterosaurs – some of them were HUGE. How come they got so big and flying birds don’t? What’s the upper limit on the weight of a flying animal?

So I got out my iPad and tweeted @TetZoo aka Darren Naish, who knows about all things tetrapod. (I got the weight wrong. It was early in the morning. This caused some confusion, as you’ll see.)

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Both Darren and Dave Hone, another pterosaur expert chipped intw3

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The ‘different take-off’ caught my eye. I know there’s been a suggestion that pterosaurs lived on cliffs, so could simply soar without having to take off from the ground (the modern swift, hardly a chunky bird, can’t take off from the ground). But some pterosaurs would dive and eat fish – how did they take off from the sea?:

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Dave replied:

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Darren had to set the record straight regarding bustard weight, when David Watson rightly questioned my figure:tw10tw13

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Then Mike Habib joined in and pointed out:

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Then he asked the Big Questiontw8

Tommy Leung chipped in:

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[JAC comment: Why is Habib so sure that “birds and bats can’t get giant pterosaur size”?]

So, as in most interesting questions, the answer to ‘Why are there no large flying birds now’ appears to be ‘We don’t know’.

Any ideas?

[JAC comment 2: I doubt this demonstrates that I’m wrong about Tw**ter. All that scientific brainpower results in the verdict that “we don’t know”?? They might as well have tw**ted what they had for breakfast!]

Links: Dave and Mike’s piece on how pterosaurs took off, the PLoS One paper from Mark Witton and Mike Habib, looking at whether giant pterosaurs could fly, cited by Darren.

Leave my noms alone!

February 6, 2014 • 5:49 am

Bird altercations over food seems to be a theme lately at the Readers’ Wildlife Photography desk. This contribution comes from (surprise!) reader Stephen Barnard from Idaho. Here are his notes and photos (I’ve added the species names, click photos to enlarge):

The male is an American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis) in prebreeding colors, and I think the female is a Goldfinch, too. Female finches of different species look similar. I took this photo from inside my house. There are dozens of birds at my feeders — Goldfinches, Chickadees, House Finches, Eurasian Collared Doves, and (increasingly) Red-winged Blackbirds.

For the technically minded: 500mm, ISO 2000, f/8, 1/8000 sec.

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And as lagniappe, a nomming hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus), also from Stephen. Look at that beak and those toes—that’s a drilling machine!

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Thursday: Hili Dialogue

February 6, 2014 • 4:37 am
How can you resist the ministrations of the Editor in Chief when she’s purring on your chest?
Malgorzata: Our new website is certainly a knock-out!
Hili: I know, but we have to discuss a few more things.
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In Polish:

Małgorzata: Ta nasza strona zwala z nóg.
Hili: Ja wiem, ale musimy jeszcze kilka spraw przedyskutować.

NBC News reports on the debate, and bonus anti-Ham tw**ts

February 5, 2014 • 1:39 pm

There’s no need for me to reprise this short but informative piece by NBC News‘s science editor Alan Boyle, so go read “Bill Nye wins over the science crowd at evolution debate.” Your host is quoted, but there are two more interesting parts of the piece. One is the tw**t below, reflecting something I’m sorry I missed: Ham’s claim that no evidence could change his mind about the Biblical-literalist view of biology. It’s by Dan Arel, who writes for the Dawkins Foundation and originally thought that Nye shouldn’t debate Ham:

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Ham made a serious error when he said that—one that will come back to haunt him!

And a bit of dissent, which I predicted, from the old-earth creationists (i.e., Intelligent Designoids); this is from the NBC piece:

Tuesday’s debate dwelled on Genesis and didn’t consider alternatives to evolutionary theory that are less overtly biblical — such as old-Earth creationism or intelligent design. That led Casey Luskin, an advocate for intelligent design at the Discovery Institute in Seattle, to characterize the event as a “huge missed opportunity”:

“People will walk away from this debate thinking, ‘Ken Ham has the Bible, Bill Nye has scientific evidence,'” Luskin wrote on the institute’s Evolution News blog. “Some Christians will be satisfied by that. Other Christians (like me) who don’t feel that accepting the Bible requires you to believe in a young earth will feel that their views weren’t represented.”

And here’s a Christian making excuses for Ham, proving his lameness:

On the creationist side of the fence, Ham drew strong support on the day after the debate. “The debate was how viable is teaching of creation in today’s world, and from that perspective I would give Ken Ham the victory,” one commenter said on Ham’s Facebook page. Another wrote, “Yes, maybe somebody else could have done a better job on defending creation, but maybe God was more interested in people hearing the gospel message! And on that note Ken Ham did a great job.”

Translation: “Ham might have not done so well, but he sure could praise Jesus!”

Finally, reader Barry sent some amusing tw**ts from a dialogue in which he participated:

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What we’re up against

February 5, 2014 • 12:13 pm

BuzzFeed’s Matt Stopera (who also took the photos shown below ) collected 22 pictures of people who attended the Ham/Nye debate in Kentucky and identified themselves as creationists.

Stopera asked each of them to write down their “message to people who believe in evolution.”  See the link for all the questions (many of them predictable), but I’ve chosen a few examples to post. The sad thing is that nearly all these people are young—the target audience for science educators.  It’s not clear whether they’d already seen the debate or not, but, being creationists, that probably wouldn’t have affected their questions.

Read and weep, o brethren:

First, someone who doesn’t know the hominin fossil record:

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The very concept of  this sort of “purpose” implies God, yet she has no evidence for Him:

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Noetics? What does that have to do with evidence?

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Answer: because of the laws of physics. (BTW, it’s “there”.)

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That’s not how the big bang started, dude! Learn some cosmology!

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Attempted humor is not evidence:

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This smiling woman needs to learn what a “theory” is. And does she want homeopathy taught in medical schools, astrology in psychology class, and alchemy in the chemistry department?:

Picture 9Here’s an ebullient God-of-the-Gapper:

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Yes, it is amazing, but how can you look at the world and think it was made by an all-loving, all-powerful God? What about the Holocaust, or, for that matter, natural selection?:

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If this guy isn’t joking, he needs a biology class, stat!:

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