Guest post: Uncle Karl says atheists are ignorant of religion

March 16, 2012 • 4:03 am

Alert reader Sigmund spotted Karl Giberson going into tut-tut mode at the HuffPo, criticizing atheists for their profound ignorance of religion.  LOL! Doesn’t Karl know that on average we know more than the faithful do about faith? (Be sure to keep up with Sigmund’s Sneer Review website, too.)

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Uncle Karl on what atheists need to do

by Sigmund

For those of us who frequent the online skeptical community it is sometimes easy to forget that many people see the world, not through the lens of reason and evidence, but through that of authority and orthodoxy. This kind of worldview, particularly when associated with the more fundamentalist religions, views everything in terms of black-and-white certainties. For such individuals it is preposterous to question whether their God is real.  To these folks, nonbelievers who reject this God do so because they simply haven’t thought about it enough—either through being unfortunate enough to grow up in a region where the Good News has not yet reached, or through some willful act of immature rebellion. The idea that someone might have thought long and hard about religion and come to the conclusion that it is false never seems an option.

A prime example of this kind of thinking is on show in a new Huffington Post (where else!) article by former BioLogos director (Uncle) Karl Giberson: “Take an atheist to church.” Giberson’s theme is simple. Atheists are mistaken about religious people and indeed about religion in general, for the straightforward reason that they know too little about it.

“Atheists often talk about religion like scientists at the Center for Disease Control talk about plagues and epidemics — unambiguously bad things that we should work to eliminate.”

Although there may be more than a grain of truth in that particular analogy, it is an imperfect one.  The gnu atheist position is generally not one of prioritizing the eradication of religion. Instead it can be better viewed as the public promotion of evidence-based policies and the restriction of religious actions to the private domain. A better analogy for religion as seen by the gnus is perhaps something akin to a sexual peccadillo. If you want to indulge in it in your own private life then fine, go ahead. Just don’t force the rest of us to join in.

Giberson clearly views atheists’ position on religion as the product of ignorance.

“Atheists, however, speak with great confidence about the evils of a religion that they seem to have encountered only in headlines — a terrorist incident here, an assault on evolution there, a new survey connecting religiosity to young earth creationism, and so on. Religion as practiced by ordinary people is nothing like these headlines.”

He seems particularly annoyed with atheists’ portrayal of the religious:

What I am not OK with, however, are the mean-spirited caricatures produced by people who have virtually no real experience with religious people, beyond reading about them in headlines. I don’t recognize these religious people.”

I guess Uncle Karl has never been to Cranston.

For Giberson, atheist’s lack of knowledge about religion can, however, be easily rectified through means of directly introducing them to church life.

“Atheists should go to church and do some research if they want to keep talking about religion.”

So we need to hush up about religion unless we go to church? But which church, Karl? There are just so many from which to choose!

“I would like to invite atheists to join me at St. Chrysostom’s Church in Quincy, MA — or whatever church is convenient — and spend a year doing research into what real life religious people are like — the people who are not in the headlines. You may be surprised to discover that we don’t all think the same.”

Apparently, once we learn about ‘real’ religion, we will suddenly realize that religious people are not all the extremists that we’ve mistakenly assumed.

“None of us have ever bombed an abortion clinic, or held a sign protesting gay marriage. In fact, our fellowship includes openly gay Christians. We are worried about climate change, widespread lack of healthcare, and the excesses of the Tea Party. In these and other ways, we find common cause with many of our fellow citizens, both believers and atheists.”

Well, if Giberson’s own church truly promotes freedom of choice for women and marriage equality for all, they will indeed find some common cause with atheists. Where Karl is likely to find disagreement, however, is with the brand of mainstream Christianity in which many churches seek to impose their opposition to these policies on the rest of the population, whether we agree with them or not.

Unsurprisingly, informing atheists that they are ignorant of religion is not getting much traction in the comment section below Giberson’s article. Giberson’s tactic is having the equivalent effect of turning up to face the lions at the Coliseum while wearing Lady Gaga’s meat dress. As can be expected, Giberson’s entire thesis is getting eviscerated by atheist after atheist pointing out that, far from being ignorant of religion, many atheists have plenty of experience of churches. Indeed it was the experience of going to church and reading what the Bible actually says that turned many of them into atheists in the first place!

Click to enlarge:

It’s hard to understand the point of such an article other than as an act of singing to the evangelical choir. Giberson must surely know that many atheists come from religious families. He must also know that atheists in general are more knowledgeable about religion than most religious people.

If Giberson isn’t simply trolling, and if he really does think atheism’s opposition to religion is primarily the result of ignorance, then I would have one suggestion for him. If he truly wants to talk to atheists in his church, he could try asking his fellow congregants what they really believe. If it’s anything like the kind of church that I attended for sixteen years, Karl is going to find plenty of non-believers already there.

Doonebury 5

March 16, 2012 • 3:11 am

Today’s Doonesbury shows one provision of the Texas “sonogram law” described by MSNBC:

The law requires doctors who perform abortions to conduct a sonogram 24 hours before the procedure, display the images of the fetus and make the heartbeat audible. The woman can decline to view the images and listen to the heartbeat. The doctor must also verbally describe the sonogram result – even if the woman doesn’t want to hear it.

And in the Houston Chronicle we hear that it’s not humans who legislated this bill, but God! As always, the justification of this incursion on women’s reproductive freedom comes down to religion:

State Sen. Dan Patrick, R-Houston, who authored the sonogram bill in three consecutive legislative sessions, estimated the law will save 15,000 lives annually in Texas – if it stops one out in five abortions. “There’s no other piece of legislation anywhere else in the country that has that kind of impact,” he said Monday. “I don’t take credit for it. It’s God’s hands.”

Please click on the Doonesbury site to give artist Garry Trudeau “click credit”.

U.S. government allows killing of bald eagles for religious purposes

March 15, 2012 • 11:11 am

From MSNBC, we find out that a pair of bald eagles is about to be sacrificed in the name of superstition:

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has taken the unusual step of issuing a permit allowing a Native American tribe to kill two bald eagles for religious purposes.

The agency’s decision comes after the Northern Arapaho Tribe in Wyoming filed a federal lawsuit last year contending the refusal to issue such permits violates tribal members’ religious freedom.

Although thousands of Native Americans apply for eagle feathers and carcasses from a federal repository, permits allowing the killing of bald eagles are exceedingly rare, according to both tribal and legal experts on the matter.

“I’ve not heard of a take permit for a bald eagle,” Steve Moore, lawyer with the Native American Rights Fund in Boulder, Colo., said Tuesday.

“I see it and NARF would see it as a legitimate expression of sovereignty by the tribe, and respect for that sovereignty by the Fish and Wildlife Service,” he added.

Apparently, eagle feathers and bits aren’t enough for these people, they need freshly killed birds:

Nelson P. White Sr., then a member of the Northern Arapaho Business Council, said after the hearing that the birds Native Americans receive from a federal depository were rotten, or otherwise unfit for use in religious ceremonies.

“That’s unacceptable,” White said after the court hearing. “How would a non-Indian feel if they had to get their Bible from a repository?”

Would that really bother a Christian? After all, many of them do get their Bibles from a repository; as I remember, there’s stacks of them in the Church and often one in front of each pew.

It’s immoral to kill animals for religious purposes, be they eagles, goats, or chickens.

WordPress stuff: signing in

March 15, 2012 • 9:38 am

Some readers have reported that they either have to sign in with WordPress to comment here now, or simply can’t comment at all.  I don’t know whether they’ve changed their policy, but I will make inquiries.  In the meantime, if other readers know how to help the ones who can’t sign in, post below.

UPDATE:  Here’s the answer I got, which is only marginally lucid:

We recently updated our commenting system. Now, if someone tries to comment with an email address attached to a WordPress.com account, they’ll need to sign into WordPress.com before they can comment.

If a commenter can’t remember their WordPress.com credentials, they can reset their password by entering their email address here:

http://wordpress.com/wp-login.php?action=lostpassword

If they’re trying to comment with an email address that’s not connected to a WordPress.com account, they won’t need to sign up for WordPress.com in order to comment (unless you enabled this option in your Settings). [JAC: that option isn’t enabled.}

I guess, then, that some of the trouble comes from those of you who have WordPress accounts, but I’m not sure that explains all of it.

Now Melvyn Bragg goes after Dawkins

March 15, 2012 • 8:54 am

Over at the Telegraph, broadcaster Melvyn Bragg (I think he’s famous in the UK, though he’s virtually unknown in the U.S.) attacks Richard Dawkins in a 3-minute video for Dawkins’s “lack of respect” for religion.  Go have a look; the video appeared on Sky TV’s “The Book Show.” It’s amazing how much “respect” Bragg has for things whose existence is supported by no evidence at all.

Among Bragg’s other bizarre statements are these:

  • “Reason is not the primary source of knowledge.”
  • “Ever since civilisation began people have believed in many gods, one god or none,” he said. “There have also been atheists, people who say that this is unprovable, that there could not be resurrections and reincarnations and miracles. These are all respectable traditions. What’s changed recently is the animus and the ignorance that has entered into the atheist argument, led by Richard Dawkins, most improbably a fine zoologist, a good scholar, Oxford trained, who seems to have thrown everything off in this odd pursuit, particularly of Christianity.”
  • “Things come to us outside the realms of reason; intimations of love, surprise by joy, little pulses that we don’t know where they come from, we don’t know where they lead to, but they satisfy us or they make us despair. Dawkins shows no respect for religion at all.”

Are we supposed to show respect for other delusions as well, like the idea that the god Xenu stashed souls in volcanoes and killed them with hydrogen bombs, or that Native Americans came from the Middle East (a tenet of the Mormon faith that is conclusively disproven by genetics)?  What, exactly, about religious belief deserves “respect”?  I’ve never heard a good explanation.

I’m curious if any readers think we should “respect” religion as opposed to simply according believers the same civility we’d extend to anyone when they’re not espousing nonsense.

Dead genes for taste in carnivores

March 15, 2012 • 5:09 am

Ceiling Cat knows that we hardly need more evidence for evolution, but of course it just keeps pouring in, for Evolution is True. The latest piece—and it’s a nice one—is a report of “dead” genes (i.e., existing but nonfunctional genes) for taste receptors in some carnivores.

In WEIT, I mentioned how the presence of dead genes in some species, which have been inactivated by mutations and don’t make a protein product, can be explained only if those genes were active in an ancestor.  Such genes include olfactory receptors in aquatic mammals (who don’t need them, since they can’t smell in air) and the final gene in the pathway for synthesizing vitamin C, which is dead in humans (we get enough vitamin C in our diet) but functional in our mammalian relatives.  No creationist “theory,” save that of a Cosmic Trickster, can explain why a designer would put nonfunctional genes into the genomes of plants and animals.

The latest discovery is given in a paper published in PNAS (reference below) by Peihua Jiang and colleagues from the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia and the Anthropological Institute and Museum at the University of Zurich. They sequenced genes for taste-receptor proteins in 12 mammal species and, combining this data from earlier studies, shows that several species of carnivores have inactivated taste genes, and presumably can’t experience the taste sensations which those genes ultimately produce. And the particular genes that are inactive are ones that aren’t much use given the species’ diets.

Scientists have found that mammals can perceive five taste qualities:

  • sweet
  • bitter
  • umami, a “savory” sensation involving the detection of certain amino acids and ribonucleotides
  • salty
  • sour

Each of these sensations has its own taste receptors in the “taste buds,” and the sweet, bitter and umami sensations are detected through the conjunction of foodstuffs with special receptor proteins in the buds.  (Salty and sour detection works differently, through the direct action of food ions on the nervous system.)  The researchers worked only with sweet, bitter, and umami genes, since those have well-defined functions.  The genes for these have complicated names, but we’ll refer to them as S-, B- and U-proteins respectively.

The researchers sequenced some or all of these three genes in 12 species of mammals: the aardwolf, the Canadian otter, the spectacled bear, the raccoon, the red wolf, the sea lion, the fur seal, the Pacific harbor seal, the small-clawed otter, the spotted hyena, the banded linsang, and the fossa.  Here are the three you might not know:

The aardwolf, Proteles cristata, which eats insects
The fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), a catlike carnivore, related to civets, that's found in Madagascar. It eats lemurs, rodents, and other animals.
The banded linsang (Prionodon linsang), a carnivorous civet from southeast Asia

We have known for a while that housecats and other felids lack functional sweet receptors, so when you feed your kitteh ice cream, it’s going for the dairy taste, not the sweetness! The authors predicted that mutations that inactivated sweet receptors might be seen in carnivores other than cats, especially sea lions and dolphins, which have “an atrophied taste system, exemplified by few taste buds present in their lingual epithelium.”  Those two groups also swallow their food whole, which the authors postulate would “minimize opportunities and needs for taste input.”  If you are evolved to go after anything that looks like a fish, then you don’t need to know how it tastes.

The general result is that taste receptor proteins are inactivated if the animal either doesn’t encounter that taste in their diet (and hence don’t need the receptors to ensure that they’re eating the right thing), or they eat by swallowing and not chewing chunks of meat, so there’s not a real need to taste the food:

  • Sweet receptor genes that produce S-proteins are inactivated in the linsang, the fossa, the spotted hyena, the sea lion and fur seal, the Pacific harbor seal, and the asian small-clawed otter.  All of these are either carnivores or piscivores (fish-eaters), and hence don’t encounter many sugars in their diets.
  • There were all kinds of mutations inactivating the S-genes of these species: stop codons, insertions, nonsense codons, and deletions.  And in each lineage the gene was inactivated independently since the disruptive mutations were different in different species. (The only exception was the S-genes in sea lions and fur seals, which are sister species who shared inactivating mutations that presumably occurred in their common pinniped ancestor.  Since these genes don’t have much use in a meat- or fish-eater, mutations inactivating them presumably paid no selective penalty, or could have even been advantageous if they produced an “expensive” protein that was no longer needed.  Earlier work also showed that the bottlenose dolphin also lacked functional S-genes.

Here’s a phylogeny of 18 species, with the red diamonds showing those species having inactive sweet-receptor proteins:

  • The authors did taste tests on the otter and the spectacled bear to see if they could taste sugar: these involve giving the animals dishes of water containing sugar as well as control dishes containing either plain water or non-sweet chemicals.  The otter had no preference, as one might expect since it has no sweet-receptor proteins, while the bear showed a strong preference for sugars (the bear is largely herbivorous and noms fruit, berries, cacti, and other plants with sugars).
  • In sea lions and bottlenose dolphins, the umami receptors are also “dead,” and in the bottlenose dolphin the bitter gene also seems to be permanently broken. Those animals don’t chew their food, but rip off chunks and swallow them.

These results not only strengthen the already-airtight case for evolution and common ancestry, but show that whether taste genes are active or inactive depends on the animal’s diet, as one might expect. It also shows that gene loss in different lineages has occurred independently. I look forward to the Discovery Institute explaining this one (no worries—they’ll have a cockamamie explanation soon).

An interesting speculation, floated by my colleague Andrew Berry, is that the mutations inactivating taste receptors and olfactory receptors in humans (yes, we have some) have spread not because inactivated genes are selectively advantageous, but are actually “neutral” (i.e., have no effect on reproductive fitness). If that’s the case, then taste and smell genes could be polymorphic: some individuals might have active copies, other inactive ones. (“Neutral mutations” can hang around for long periods of time in a population.) This might explain why different people can taste and smell different things, and why some people, like wine- and perfume-testers, have extraordinarily keen abilities to detect scents and flavors.  We know that there is polymorphism for genes affecting, for example, our ability to taste PTC, and for “how” we taste stuff like cilantro (I hate the stuff, as it tastes like soap to me; others love it).

As a sideline, the authors note that the sweet-receptor genes have also been inactivated in chickens, vampire bats, and “tongueless Western clawed frogs.” Taste tests show that neither chickens nor vampire bats can perceive sweetness (no sugar in blood!) but I found this sentence endearing:

“It is yet to be established how Western clawed frogs respond to sweeteners.”

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Jiang, P., J. Josue, X. Li, D. Glaser, W. Li, J. G. Brand, R. F. Margolskee, D. R. Reed, and G. K. Beauchamp. 2012. Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA  online early edition, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1118360109