A storm to remember

July 11, 2013 • 1:06 pm

According to Wikipedia, a supercell is

. . .  a thunderstorm that is characterized by the presence of a mesocyclone: a deep, persistently rotating updraft.For this reason, these storms are sometimes referred to as rotating thunderstorms. Of the four classifications of thunderstorms (supercell, squall line, multi-cell, and single-cell), supercells are the overall least common and have the potential to be the most severe. Supercells are often isolated from other thunderstorms, and can dominate the local climate up to 32 kilometres (20 mi) away.

And they can spawn tornadoes, though they often don’t.

From Mike Olbinski Photography comes a description and a stunning video of a “supercell” in Texas. His description:

It took four years but I finally got it. A rotating supercell. And not just a rotating supercell, but one with insane structure and amazing movement. I’ve been visiting the Central Plains since 2010. Usually it’s just for a day, or three, or two…but it took until the fourth attempt to actually find what I’d been looking for. And boy did we find it.

No, there was no tornado. But that’s not really what I was after. I’m from Arizona. We don’t get structure like this. Clouds that rotate and look like alien spacecraft hanging over the Earth.

We chased this storm from the wrong side (north) and it took us going through hail and torrential rains to burst through on the south side. And when we did…this monster cloud was hanging over Texas and rotating like something out of Close Encounters.

The timelapse was shot on a Canon 5D Mark II with a Rokinon 14mm 2.8 lens. It’s broken up into four parts. The first section ends because it started pouring on us. We should have been further south when we started filming but you never know how long these things will last, so I started the timelapse as soon as I could.

One thing to note early on in the first part is the way the rain is coming down on the right and actually being sucked back into the rotation. Amazing.

A few miles south is where part two picks up. And I didn’t realize how fast it was moving south, so part three is just me panning the camera to the left. During that third part you can see dust along the cornfield being pulled into the storm as well…part of the strong inflow. The final part is when the storm had started dying out and we shot lightning as it passed over us.

Here’s how supercells form (diagram from Wikipedia):

Picture 1

And an amazing photo, which Olbinski is selling as a print at his online gallery (click to enlarge):

MG_9533-Edit1-960x639

h/t: P

The Eternal Question

July 11, 2013 • 6:55 am

I received a query from a science reporter at the Chicago paper The Daily Herald, who occasionally asks me to help answer kids’ science questions.

Here’s her query:

Dr. Coyne:
Would you have time to respond to a reader question, “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?” This came from a fifth or sixth grader. I would need a response by end-of-day today. Sorry for the late notice.
 
There are two ways to answer this evolutionary question, depending on how you interpret it. (I’ve sent my response in already.)
 I’ll leave the readers to ponder this, but you should all know the scientifically correct answer(s).
Get on it!
Oh, and you might look at the images illustrating this question, for the salacious ones are funny.

The FFRF goes after more creationism in public schools

July 11, 2013 • 6:00 am

In April, reader Hempenstein called my attention to an article in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reporting the paper’s survey of 106 Pennsylvania high-school science teachers. The disturbing result was that more than 32% of the teachers adhered to some form of creationism. Naturally, because I’m a radical evolutionary atheist (and a member of the Darwin Lobby), I wrote an outraged post on this site.

One of the surveyed teachers made the mistake of admitting publicly, using his name, that he actually teaches creationism in his classroom. To wit (my emphasis):

Sometimes students honestly look me in the eye and ask what do I think? I tell them that I personally hold the Bible as the source of truth,” said Joe Sohmer, who teaches chemistry at the Altoona Area High School. The topic arises, he said, when he teaches radiocarbon dating, with that method often concluding archeological finds to be older than 10,000 years, which he says is the Bible-based age of Earth. “I tell them that I don’t think [radiocarbon dating] is as valid as the textbook says it is, noting other scientific problems with the dating method.

“Kids ask all kinds of personal questions and that’s one I don’t shy away from,” he said. “It doesn’t in any way disrupt the educational process. I’m entitled to my beliefs as much as the evolutionist is.” [JAC: yeah, but he’s not entitled to foist them as science on credulous high-school students!]

Mr. Sohmer responded to a Pittsburgh Post-Gazette questionnaire distributed this spring to school teachers statewide, and he agreed to discuss his teaching philosophy. He said school officials are comfortable with his methods.

Can you believe it? “Comfortable with his methods?” BIG mistake.  You can quibble about whether it’s okay to teach intelligent design in public colleges, but it’s settled law—especially in Pennsylvania, where the Dover case was adjudicated—that you can’t teach religiously based, discredited science in high schools. Teachers can’t do it, and school officials can’t sanction it.

It was a matter of a few seconds for me to email that article (thanks, Hempenstein!) to the Freedom from Religion Foundation. One of their crack attorneys, Rebecca Market, got on the case and sent this letter to the superintendent of the Altoona School District several weeks ago.

Screen shot 2013-07-09 at 2.56.43 PM

Screen shot 2013-07-09 at 2.56.56 PM

Screen shot 2013-07-09 at 2.57.06 PMSomething tells me that Joe Sohmer won’t be teaching his students muich longer that the Earth is 10,000 years old and that radiocarbon dating is wrong. (And, as a reader below notes, the Earth isn’t dated by radicarbon dating, as carbon decays much too quickly for that. Potassium/argon and other methods are used.)

Altoona hasn’t yet responded, but watch this space.

The Post-Gazette reports that other teachers—who wisely chose to remain anonymous—also purvey creationism in Pennsylvania high schools. Ignorance is busy and ever feeding. For the article also reports this result of another survey of over 900 American science teachers by Pennsylvania State University researchers:

The Penn State survey said the teachers identifying themselves as creationists spend at least an hour of classroom time on creationism in a way suggesting it to be a valid scientific alternative. “Between 17 and 21 percent [of teachers in the survey] introduce creationism into the classroom,” he said. “Some are young-Earth creationist but not all of them are. Some aren’t even creationists.”

The only excuse for teaching creationism if you’re not a creationist is either fear of backlash from religious students or parents, or a misguided sense of “let’s-teach-all-sides”.

What we hear in the press is only the tip of the creationist iceberg. For to bring Constitutional violations like this to public attention, somebody like Sohmer has to slip up, or some offended student or parent has to complain. And complaining about religion in the classroom will, in many parts of the U.S., turn you into an outcast. Remember Jessica Ahlquist? read the Wikipedia section about the threats she received.

Finally, it was reader Hempenstein, an old college friend, who got this ball rolling.  If you hear of any violations like this in U.S. public schools, send them to either me or, preferably, the Freedom from Religion Foundation.

TAM 2013

July 10, 2013 • 4:12 pm

The usual venue for The Amazing Meeting: the Southpoint Hotel, a huge gambling and entertainment emporium in Las Vegas:

Casino

My room: for some reason it cost me $22.50 per night, half the going rate  for a weekday (and $45 is incredibly cheap), but I’m not asking questions. I came a day early to chill, and so am paying for my room for one night. The rest is gratis as I’m a speaker.

Nice room!

Room

A room with a view: the bleakness of Vegas, but the surrounding desert is lovely (the windows give everything a green tint):

View

Registration:

Ristration

The official tee-shirt:

Tee shirt

And the man of the hour: the amazing Randi!

Randi

Wonders of Life starts tonight in USA!

July 10, 2013 • 1:13 pm

by Matthew Cobb

The BBC 5-part series ‘Wonders of Life’ starts tonight at 9:00 pm on Discovery Science. Full schedules here. There’s also a rather lovely book that accompanies the series.

The programme is presented by my University of Manchester colleague Professor Brian Cox, and aired in the UK at the beginning of the year. Brian is a particle physicist, so his take on the natural world is refreshingly different. I was one of the scientific advisors on the series (along with Nick Lane from UCL) and can therefore be held responsible for at least some of the mistakes. During the two years of planning and filming, Brian said that he really understood the importance of Darwinism, and I hope you’ll see that it runs through every episode.

As I wrote here at the beginning of the year:

The series consists of five episodes, will begin broadcasting on BBC2 on 29 January, and continues two earlier and highly successful series,Wonders of the Solar System and Wonders of the Universe. As Cox is a particle physicist, he is especially interested in the physical underpinnings of life and evolution, and the physical constraints within which evolution operates.

The series has its usual beautiful USP – Brian wandering around the world pointing at things. Seriously, the series is stunning and very different from traditional BBC natural history programmes.

Please let us know what you thought of it!

And as they are pretty funny, here *again* are a) a trailer for the series complete with new version of the Eric Idle Universe song, and b) a couple of spoof of Brian’s style on his previous programmes.

 

 

What Darwin looked like

July 10, 2013 • 11:57 am

Reader Fred sent a really nice colorized photo of Darwin:

Darwin_color (2)

and added this information in his email:

I came across this today and thought you’d like it.  It’s a colorized photo of Charles Darwin and it’s really nicely done; it feels quite real.  The colorist, who goes by “Zuzah” is an 18 year-old from Denmark.  What’s funny is that I could totally see this being used as a cover for an Intelligent Design book called “Darwin’s Secret.” Here’s the page the image is from.  He’s got lots of other great photos there, many from the Civil War, but also a nice Grace Kelly, and a couple of Einsteins.  (This link goes directly to the Darwin entry but if you click on ColorizedHistory at the top it takes you to the main page.)

I thought I’d seen every photo of Darwin, but didn’t know this one, so I suspected it was a Photoshop job. However, it does appear to be real, and you can see the original here.  Why do you suppose he was making the “Shhh!” gesture? Perhaps it was a pose denoting profound thought.

I often wish I could hear what Darwin’s voice sounded like. I imagine it as rather high and nasal, but with a patrician British accent.  It’s a pity so much history was lost before there were movies and recordings.

Bayesian logic applied to an old bromide

July 10, 2013 • 6:51 am

From today’s xkcd.

seashell

Is there any better series of science-related cartoons?

That said, there’s one factor left out here, which is the probability that you can hear the ocean given that you’re near the ocean. I suspect that’s high, but you could always be deaf, or the ocean could be quiescent. I’m sure readers will think of other problems. . .

The Tuatara Genome Project

July 10, 2013 • 6:35 am

by Greg Mayer

We’ve had occasion to celebrate the completion of reptile genome projects before here at WEIT (including the first, the Anole Genome, and the recent turtle genomes), so it is especially notable that one of our favorite animals, the Earth’s Only Extant Non-Squamate Lepidosaur*, is now the subject on an ongoing sequencing project being led by Neil Gemmell of Otago University and the Allan Wilson Center for Molecular Ecology and Evolution (whose director is my old chum and fellow MCZ alum, Hamish Spencer). It is of course fitting that the genome project be based in the iconic animal’s native land, New Zealand. David Winter has begun a blog, Sequencing the Tuatara Genome, to document the project’s progress.

Why sequence the tuatara genome (other than just because they’re, you know, great)? This picture from David’s blog, should tell you. (BTW, back when the Anole Genome was completed, a reader asked, “What are the gaping holes in our genomic knowledge?”, and I presciently replied “Among tetrapods, the gaping holes are the tuatara,…”.)

Phylogeny of relationships of the tuatara, from David Winter's Sequencing the Tuatara Genome Project.
Phylogeny of relationships of the tuatara, from David Winter’s Sequencing the Tuatara Genome blog.

If it’s not clear, David spells it out (note that he uses the proper Maori “tuatara are“):

You sometimes hear people mistakenly call tuatara “living dinosaurs”.  In fact, as you can see in the figure above, tuatara are much more interesting than that. If you want to study a living dinosaur you only need to look out the nearest window. Modern birds descend from one branch in the diverse group we call dinosaurs, but each of those ten thousand species are dinosaurs. The tuatara, on the other hand, are the only living members of a lineage that separated from other reptiles more than 200 million years ago.

By placing modern organisms in the context of their evolutionary history, we can work out which traits were present in ancestral species, and reconstruct the changes that gave rise to modern ones. As the tuatara is the only living witness to hundreds of millions of years of evolution, its genome sequence will be immensely valuable in understanding the genetic changes that have allowed reptiles to evolve and diversify.

I urge you all to go take a look at David’s blog now, and check back in there now and again to see how things are progressing.

_______________________________________________

* I was going to say the Universe’s Only Extant Non-Squamate Lepidosaur, but I can’t quite rule out that some Vulcan survey craft, while cruising nearby waiting for Zefram Cochrane to release a warp signature, might not have decided to stop by for a bit and then taken some non-squamate lepidosaurs home (I know I would have).