My squirrels are fat

December 2, 2014 • 3:24 pm

This photo doesn’t really show how fat my squirrels have gotten, but believe me, they have really chubbed out for the winter. That pleases me, as I’ve been given them tons of food in the last month, and their appetites have increased.

I was trying to photograph this guy’s pulchritude with my iPhone with one hand while luring him to the window with a hazelnut in the other hand.  You can see they know a nut when they see one (not me!).

You can also see their water dish and some sunflower seeds that have already been nommed.

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The Denver Cat Company opens soon, and some celebratory persiflage

December 2, 2014 • 2:27 pm

At long last The Denver Cat Company, which I’ve boosted before, is about to open. December 12 is the date for the official opening of North America’s second cat cafe (Oakland beat them by a whisker), and since I’ve supported the venue, I’m letting readers know that there’s a place in Denver (3929 Tennyson Street) where you can go, have a latte or espresso, and pet the rescue cats at the same time. I’ve done that in a cat cafe in Vienna, and it’s a great experience. Time passes quickly when you are playing with cats and drinking java, and you can’t help but leave in a good mood.

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Here’s the DenverCatCo FAQ sheet, and a reader who goes and gives a detailed report with photos will get an autographed copy of WEIT (with, of course, a cat drawn in it).

To celebrate the opening, and the realization of Sana Hamelin’s dream (she left her job as a lawyer to found this place), here are some cat cartoons and videos.

First, here’s a cat outsmarted by a pigeon, and discovering that it doesn’t have any “backing up” genes:

Second, a nice cartoon:

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Finally, a kitten reacting to the trailer for the upcoming Star Wars sequel:

 

h/t: Michael, Robin

Can we cure creationism by teaching the facts?

December 2, 2014 • 1:09 pm

Yes, this is a recurring theme on this site, and my answer is “Somewhat, but not fully, for creationism won’t disappear in a big way until religion does.”

My answer is buttressed by a paper that I’d somehow overlooked (reference and free download below). The paper by Eric Plutzer and Michael Berkman is six years old, but I think is still useful given that more recent data gives figures similar to theirs. Their conclusion is simple:

“We show that U.S. public opinion is at odds with the curricula mandated by the nation’s state governments.”

Translation: State school standards usually mandate the teaching of evolution, but Americans resist it because many of them want creationism taught as well. And many Americans think that if you believe in God you can’t accept evolution.

I’ll be brief. First, the BioLogos survey I discussed the other day argues that perhaps the results of the 30-year series of Gallup polls on evolution is incorrect, or at least discrepant with the results of a study commissioned by BioLogos.   The Plutzer and Berkman paper, however, shows that Americans’ answer to questions about the truth or falsity of evolution has remained consistent not only over time, but among samples taken from different organizations. There are lots of tables in the Plutzer and Berkman paper; here are but three. (I’m putting a “fold” here again as an experiment; let me know whether you like it or not)

Continue reading “Can we cure creationism by teaching the facts?”

“No root canal for you,” and a note on pain

December 2, 2014 • 9:46 am

It looks as if I don’t need that root canal after all, although I really wasn’t fearful of it, as the only thing to worry about with such a thing is the expense. I’ve had one or two before, and there’s no pain involved, and from then on the tooth is fine. But I was spared the drilling, thank Ceiling Cat.

I’ve had far worse physical pain in my life, and before we get back to business I’ll describe the most painful experience I ever had.

TRIGGER WARNING: PAIN.  I will try a new experiment here and put the rest behind a “fold”: a first on this site.  Click on “read more” to see the post in its entirety.  Continue reading ““No root canal for you,” and a note on pain”

More levity from Deepak

December 2, 2014 • 7:14 am

The Deepakity still hasn’t learned that I don’t read Twi**er, and he’s still tw**ting at me.  I find this out only if I look at my alternative email account (which I do rarely), or someone tells me.  Here’s one that came yesterday:

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Deepak is flogging his new book, and he’s tweeting about it all over the place (as if he needs more sales!). If you go to the article he mentioned at SFGate, “Why physics needs God but God doesn’t need physics,” you’ll see a piece that begins like this:

Recently I created a brief storm on Twitter by throwing out questions that physicists can’t answer. Twitter allows you to contact famous physicists directly, and it’s predictable that a handful will become irritated and even riled up if you dare to challenge them. “What happens in physics stays in physics” is their motto, apparently. But I’m on tour for a new book, The Future of God, and for decades, ever since the publication of books like The Tao of Physics and God and the New Physics, it’s become evident that physics can’t escape its meeting with God.

I don’t mean the clash between belief and atheism. What I cover in the book, and what makes some physicists with famous names turn ad hominem and outright abusive, is something else. They are going to need God to solve some fundamental questions about reality. Even more irritating to them, God exposes the current crisis in physics. After promising us that physics will one day have the answer for where the universe came from, what it’s made of, and where human beings belong in the cosmos, today physics may actually be farther away from an answer than ever. Such is the nature of the crisis.

What is physics missing? METAPHYSICS! That is, physics can’t answer the Big Questions™, which to Deepakity include these:

What does it mean to exist?
How do we know things?
What makes reality real?

And Deepakity asserts that answering these questions requires a comity of both physics and metaphysics, for he sees (as does E. O. Wilson) that the answer to the questions “Why am I here?” is a historical one.

Well, fine and dandy, and physicists are working on that. But Deepakity argues that a pure naturalistic answer doesn’t suffice. We need God! And who is this God? Here Chopra begins to morph into Karen Armstrong:

In The Future of God I argue that there is a version of the deity that isn’t a patriarch sitting above the clouds but rather a God defined as the source of consciousness, and as such, the deity isn’t a myth, a matter of faith, a divine Father or Mother–in fact, such a God cannot be captured in words or images. God is pure “meta.” Physics needs such a God in order to find the higher order of answers that will rescue it from crisis.

He then bangs on about the importance of consciousness, and how that’s beyond science, but I needn’t say more, for reader Grania has translated the whole short article into English that the average person can understand. Her translation:

Scientists laugh at me on Twitter when I troll them in my desperate need for attention and validation.
But I don’t care, because I am right because in my head I can imagine that I am right; therefore I am right.
Scientists don’t get metaphysics. But metaphysics is totally science because it has the word “physics” in it. However, science can only answer “how” questions, not “why” questions. Therefore my thoughts are superior to their thoughts.
Now behold my mighty word salad and despair, you scientist you:
“[P]hysics needs God, and if God in fact is the source of consciousness–transcendent, immutable, without beginning or end, timeless, a field of infinite possibilities–it’s obvious that God doesn’t need physics. The beauty of this realization is that this field of infinite possibilities exists in us. It is here, now, and always. It is our very essence.”
That’s pretty much it, and the last paragraph is indeed Chopra’s: a holotype specimen of his obscurantist thinking. Thanks to Grania for doing the heavy lifting.

Readers’ wildlife photos

December 2, 2014 • 4:32 am

Everyone’s favorite sea mammal: Otters today! Reader Bruce Lyon contributed a bunch of nice photos and a nice summary of sea otter ecology. THIS COUNTS AS A SCIENCE POST, so read it!

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Otters [Enhydra lutris] are quite common around Santa Cruz [California] and they are pretty easy to see right from town floating in the kelp beds just offshore. They are even more abundant a few miles to the south, particularly in Elkhorn Slough, an estuary that empties into the ocean at Moss Landing.

Below: a large group of otters hanging out in Moss Landing Harbor. At times there can be up to 50 animals in this group.

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Otters are famous for being cute and photogenic, but they are also really interesting from a behavioral and ecological perspective. My colleague Jim Estes showed that otters are ‘keystone’ predators—i.e., they have a disproportionate effect on the structure of the ecosystem in relation to their abundance. The presence or absence of otters fundamentally changes the structure of the near-shore habitat, due to cascading effects down the food chain. When sea otters were virtually extirpated from the coast of California, sea urchins increased and ate all of the kelp, creating what are known as urchin barrens.  With the recovery of the otters, urchins declined (because the otters ate them) and the kelp returned.
Otters are also really interesting with respect to diet breadth and specialization. It’s fairly easy to see what see otters eat because they bring prey items back to the surface to eat.
Below: this sea otter seemed to specialize on capturing crabs, at least over the hour that I watched it.
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My colleagues Jim Estes and Tim Tinker discovered that sea otters show individual foraging and diet specializations. As a species, otters eat a great diversity of invertebrates, but individual otters specialize on a small subset of the total prey items consumed by the species. Different otters specialize on different suites of prey species. Prey specialization is favored because different prey items require different skills to process the prey items quickly and it takes a long time to learn to be an efficient forager.

Otters have high relative metabolic rates and have to eat a lot of food so foraging efficiency is important. The otters are not perfectly specialized, which allowed the biologists to compare foraging intake rates when handling favored items versus prey species that are normally not taken. Feeding efficiency was higher for the prey species that an individual normally specializes on. There is also some evidence that these specializations may be culturally transmitted between mothers and their pups.

An obvious question is this: why don’t all otters specialize on the same prey items—surely not all prey items are equally valuable? It turns out that the relative numbers of otters eating the different prey items matters. If everybody eats the same high quality food items, then the availability of that food decreases, which makes lower quality but now more abundant prey items profitable for a specialist that eats those prey items. Evidence for this effect of numbers (“density-dependence” in ecological jargon) comes from a transplant experiment in which a small number of otters were reintroduced to San Nicolas Island in the Southern California Bight (west of Los Angeles) a location that has been devoid of otters for a long time. This was a conservation effort but it revealed something interesting about the diet specialization. Most of the introduced otters—few in number relative to the bounty of available prey—had similar diets and ate mostly urchins and kelp crabs, both high-quality prey items. It will be interesting to see if some animals switch to different prey items as the population increases.

Below: I often see gulls hanging out next to otters and it seems that they may be trying to steal bits of the prey. Perhaps though they are just waiting for scraps the otters do not want. The fact that the otters often try to flee from the gulls suggests that the gulls steal food.

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Below: Otters are very active and seem to be constantly in motion. They often roll their bodies in the water like a corkscrew—even while eating. They also often thrash their prey about, pounding them against their chest (as shown below) and some animals carry rocks with them that they use as tools to bash their prey open.

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Below: This pair of otters seemed to be playing—they chased each other and rolled around in the water for several minutes. I asked my colleagues what might be going and their best guess was that these were young males having a good time.

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Tuesday: Hili dialogue

December 2, 2014 • 3:33 am

I’ll be MIA for a bit this morning as it’s time to revisit to dentist to see if I need the damn ROOT CANAL. He’s downtown, so “I may be some time.” Meanwhile in Dobrzyn, Hili shows Cyrus who’s boss:

A: Hili, shouldn’t we go back to the house?
Hili: Yes, it’s cold. Cyrus, heel!

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In Polish:
Ja: Hili, wracamy do domu?
Hili: Tak, bo zimno. Cyrus, do nogi!

 

It is finished

December 1, 2014 • 2:28 pm

Or should I say “Jesus wept”?

Proofed, corrected, and scented with all the perfumes of Arabia:

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Into thy hands I commend my book.

For those who asked why it won’t be out till May 19, this is nothing unusual. There are all kinds of decisions involved, as well as technical matters like printing, further proofing, and so on. In fact, I’m surprised it got through so early; usually it takes a year from submission until sale.